Critique internationale - Content
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Meeker (Michael E.), A Nation of Empire. The Ottoman Legacy of Turkish Modernity, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2002, 420 pages.
Kandiyoti (Deniz), Saktanber (Ayse), eds, Fragments of Culture. The Everyday of Modern Turkey, Londres, I.B. Tauris, 2002, 350 pages.
Zeki Müren, 1955-1963 Kayitlari/Recordings, Istanbul, Kalan Müzik Yapim, 2002.
Thireau (Isabelle), dir. Le retour du marchand dans la Chine rurale, Études rurales, n° 161-162, janvier-juin 2002, 271 pages.
Mrazek (Rudolf), Engineers of Happy Land. Technology and Nationalism in a Colony, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2002, 285 pages.
Volkov (Vadim), Violent Entrepreneurs. The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism, Ithaca et Londres, Cornell University Press, 2002, 201 pages.
Nugent (Paul), Smugglers, Secessionists and Loyal Citizens on the Ghana-Togo Frontier, Athens, Ohio University Press, Oxford, James Currey, Legon, Sub-Saharan Publishers, 2002, 302 pages.
[The garrison-entrepôt: a mode of governing in the Chad Basin]
The garrison-entrepôt is a regulatory concept that is at the heart of the problematization of power in the Chad Basin. It is based on a military-commercial nexus that circumscribes unregulated economic activities dominating international borders. While produced in the margins, these activities are not marginal: they allow for social mobility and economic redistribution, and provide rents to government administrations. This new realm of thought and action has given rise to unprecedented possibilities for the organization of economic and political life, leading to the pluralization of regulatory authority. While viewed by byticipants as illegal, these activities are nonetheless described as legitimate. This article explores this rationality of illegality, a disposition that is both economically strategic and socially productive, demonstrating that these activities bytake in modes of governing in the region.
[The political transformation of Mexico: the end of an old regime and emergence of a new one]
This article analyses the emergence of Mexico out of over seventy years of an authoritarian political rule. It pays specific attention to the political and socio-political conditions of this transformation. The past regime was eroded by social forces that emerged with the economic modernization of the 1960s and 1970s, and through the reforms of the corporatist state promoted by the governmental after the 1982 crisis. Nevertheless, unlike Communist regimes of the same period, the Mexican political regime did not collapse. Longstanding corporatist control was replaced by clientelistic mechanisms, which have rendered the Mexican political transformation very uncertain.
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[Leaving without departing]
Although Iran is not generally viewed as an important site of emigration, the latter have marked Iranian history since at least the beginning of the 20th century. The Iranian "diaspora" has constructed a veritable economic and political economy of the voyage, which is centered upon relations with the home country. Leaving is predicated on the expression of a link with the place of debyture, expressed through regular cash remittances; frequent trips home; and the constant circulation of narratives, images, and merchandise. But the imaginary of debyture is not only a matter of migrants: most lranians maintain a virtual relation with the world abroad, which helps them to organize their daily existence and influences on the organization of contemporary Iranian society.
[Heading towards the end of the earth]
Some migrants travel with a clear sense of their destination because history leads them towards certain countries as opposed to others. But the trajectories of those who leave or flee unstable countries or places of conflict are increasingly diverse and especially uncertain. Today, one does not necessarily head to a specific country due to historical and social links. Rather, one heads for a "secure place", whatever its national identity. In these conditions, "the migration project" becomes more problematic than heuristic.
[Heroes of return]
In the Ivory Coast, young "heroes", who leave clandestinely in conquest of the North, are nurture by narratives that have crossed the seas. They themselves are also the sources of mythologies that circulate in their countries of origin, nourishing the desire to travel far. A fleet of dreams. Objects from afar that authorize glorious returns. New competencies in a society that was once inaccessible. From this, legends, the name. A failed voyage becomes impossible. A pitiful return due, for example, to an unsuccessful border crossing, is a dishonor that shatters the epic nature of all youth migrations. Facing disgrace, these poor explorers of self-realization can only try to leave again or resign themselves to a social death.
