Soviet Union

L'Europe entre Hitler et Staline par Timothy Snyder

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:29 +0000

Date:

6 March, 2013

spip article id:

734

L'Europe entre Hitler et Staline

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:22 +0000

Date:

21 September, 2012

spip article id:

693

Stanislas Francevich Redens (1892-1940)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:07 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

607

Mikhaïl Iossifovitch Litvin (1892-1938)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:07 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Né dans la région du Lac Baïkal, Litvin fut l’un des plus proches collaborateurs d’Iejov.

spip article id:

608

Henriks Ernestovich Stubis (dit Leonid Mikhaïlovitch Zakovsky), (1894-1938)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:07 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Né en Lettonie, Zakovsky devient bolshevik en 1913 (le jour exact de son adhésion reste inconnu). Il rejoint la police politique dès la création de la Tchéka. En poste en Ukraine, il devient chef de l’OGPU/Guépéou (Directoire Politique d’Etat) et assure la sécurité de Staline en 1928 pendant le voyage en Sibérie du Secrétaire Général. Après deux ans (1932-1934) en Biélorussie, il prend la tête de la section du NKVD de Leningrad 10 jours après le meurtre de Kirov (1er décembre 1934).

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

609

La famine kazakhe : à l'origine de la sédentarisation

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:04 +0000

Date:

16 July, 2012

Auteur:

Ohayon Isabelle

Le contexte

La famine qui frappe la république socialiste soviétique autonome (RSSA) du Kazakhstan entre 1930 et 1932 prend place dans l’histoire de la collectivisation en URSS, et plus spécifiquement dans celle de la sédentarisation des Kazakhs engagée localement à la même période. Cette famine compte parmi les plus meurtrières d’URSS. Elle entraîne la disparition d’environ un tiers de la population kazakhe, provoque l’émigration de plusieurs centaines de milliers d’entre eux et affecte irrémédiablement le mode de vie nomade qui caractérisait les habitants des steppes.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

588

Memory of political repression in post-Soviet Russia: the example of the Gulag

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:59 +0000

Date:

13 September, 2011

Auteur:

ANSTETT Elisabeth

Memory of political repression in post-Soviet Russia: the example of the Gulag

Introduction

Presenting a panorama of the memory of mass violence in Russia today involves posing the question of the traces left by the Soviet concentration-camp system and their uses, and, more broadly, the question of the social consequences of political repression carried out by the Soviet authorities between 1917 and 1989, the diversity, timeline and magnitude of which have been documented elsewhere by the OEMV.

spip auteur id:

243

spip article id:

562

Mémoire des répressions politiques en Russie postsoviétique : Le cas du Goulag

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:58 +0000

Date:

17 July, 2011

Auteur:

ANSTETT Elisabeth

Mémoire des répressions politiques en Russie postsoviétique. Le cas du Goulag

Sommaire

Introduction

Une vaste culture du secret

Une pusillanimité législative persistante

Une absence de politique publique mémorielle

I. Faits établis

I.1. Histoire de la mémoire

I.2. Lieux de mémoire

I.3. Acteurs de mémoire

spip auteur id:

243

spip article id:

557

The Katyń Massacres of 1940

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:56 +0000

Date:

23 July, 2011

Auteur:

Kosicki Piotr H.

The Katyń Massacres were at least four series of massacres carried out by the Soviet “People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs” (NKVD), or security police, on Polish prisoners of war and political prisoners over the course of April and May 1940. Until 1990, when the Soviet Union admitted that its officials had been responsible for the death of 21,857 Poles, one generally spoke of the “Katyń Massacre,” after the Katyń Forest site (present-day Russia) where, in 1943, the German army discovered mass graves containing a total of 4,123 corpses (4,243 according to Polish figures).

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

592

The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (August 1937 - November 1938)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:51 +0000

Date:

20 May, 2010

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

1. Context

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

516

The NKVD Mass Secret Operation n°00447 (August 1937 - November 1938)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:51 +0000

Date:

24 May, 2010

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

A. Context

In 1992, the discovery in the Soviet archives of the NKVD’s secret operational order n° 00447 of July 30, 1937, has drastically changed our perception of Stalin’s Great Terror (Conquest, 1968). Up to this point, the frenzied era of Stalinist repression had primarily been viewed as a massive political purge targeting the communist political, military, economic and intellectual elites, a process which Nikita Khruschev had briefly exposed in his famous “Secret Report” to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on February 24, 1956.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

517

Les crimes de masse sous Staline (1930-1953)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:44 +0000

Date:

28 December, 2009

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

479

La déportation des Musulmans de Georgie

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:44 +0000

Date:

2 February, 2010

Auteur:

Tournon Sophie

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

481

Crimes et violences de masse des guerres civiles russes (1918-1921)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:43 +0000

Date:

21 December, 2009

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

478

Redens (1892-1940), Stanislav Francevich

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:15 +0000

Date:

27 February, 2009

Auteur:

Nérard François-Xavier

Redens was born to Polish parents, but lived most of his childhood as part of his uncle’s family after the death of his father in the Ekaterinoslav region, where there was a huge metallurgy plant. He became a member of the RSDPR(the Social Democratic Menshevik Internationalists) in 1914.

He began to work for the Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission to Combat Counterrevolution and Sabotage) in Ukraine as early as 1918. He then became Dzherzinskij, Assistant to the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh) and afterwards worked in the control organs of the Soviet State.

spip auteur id:

123

spip article id:

305

Litvin (1892-1938), Mikhail Iossifovich

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:15 +0000

Date:

27 February, 2009

Auteur:

Nérard François-Xavier

spip auteur id:

123

spip article id:

306

Leonid Mihajlovich Zakovsky (pseudonym for Henriks Ernestovich Stubis) (1894-1938 )

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:15 +0000

Date:

27 February, 2009

Auteur:

Nérard François-Xavier

Born in Latvia, Zakovsky became a Bolshevik in 1913 (the exact date of his membership however has been withheld by Petrov and Skorkin). He began his career in the political police, from the beginning of the establishment of the Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission to Combat Counterrevolution and Sabotage). Active in Ukraine, he became head of the OGPU (the State Political Directorate) in Siberia and was in charge of Stalin's security in 1928, during the General Secretary of the Party's Siberian mission.

spip auteur id:

123

spip article id:

307

The Levashovo cemetery and the Great Terror in the Leningrad region

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:15 +0000

Date:

27 February, 2009

Auteur:

Nérard François-Xavier

A- Context

This part of this case study has much in common with the Butovo study,, as the overall context of the Yezhovshchina is the same.

spip auteur id:

123

spip article id:

308

The Deportation of Muslims from Georgia

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:14 +0000

Date:

25 February, 2009

Auteur:

Tournon Sophie

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

302

The Butovo Shooting Range

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:10 +0000

Date:

27 February, 2009

Auteur:

Nérard François-Xavier

A- Context

The Yezhovshchina or Stalin’s Great Terror, as it was called by American historian Robert Conquest (Conquest, 1968), took place mainly between 1937 and 1938 and, for the most part, was organized on the basis of the operational orders of the NKVD (the People's Commission for Internal Affairs), then headed by Commissar for Internal Affairs, Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (for biographical references see Jansen Petrov, 2002 or Getty Naumov, 2008).

spip auteur id:

123

spip article id:

277

Kurapaty (1937-1941): NKVD Mass Killings in Soviet Belarus

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:01 +0000

Date:

27 March, 2008

Auteur:

Goujon Alexandra

Kurapaty is the name of a place in the outskirts of Minsk (capital of Belarus) where NKVD officers killed, between 1937 and 1941, several thousand of Belarusian and other civilians.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

182

The Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932-33

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:59 +0000

Date:

18 April, 2008

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

Over four million people starved to death between the fall of 1932 and the summer of 1933 in Ukraine and the Kuban, an administrative unit of the Russian Republic in the northern Caucasus populated largely by Ukrainians. Up until Gorbachev’s perestroika, this tragedy was never spoken of in the USSR. The 1932-33 famine was officially recognized in Ukraine only in December 1987 during a speech given by Shcherbytskyi, the First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party, on the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Ukrainian Republic.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

166

Crimes and Mass Violence of the Russian Civil Wars (1918-1921)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:59 +0000

Date:

21 March, 2008

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

The revolutions of 1917 in the Russian Empire led to extremely violent civil wars in 1918. As in any civil war, it is particularly difficult to distinguish between military operations as such and "collateral" violence - to use this anachronistic term in the context of the events of those years: civilian massacres, hostage takings, deportations of populations collectively considered as "enemies." In these multiform conflicts, no single side had a monopoly over violence.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

176

Sürgün: The Crimean Tatars' deportation and exile

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:59 +0000

Date:

16 June, 2008

Auteur:

Campana Aurélie

A. Context

Crimea is a peninsula located on the Black Sea coast in the south of today’s Ukraine. Part of the peninsula’s population was forced into exile in May 1944. In April 1944, after two and half years of German occupation, the Soviet forces regained control of Crimea. The reconquest was hardly completed when the Crimean Tatars were deported en masse on the false accusation of having collectively collaborated with the Nazis. This Muslim Turkic-speaking minority then represented 19.4% of the population of the peninsula, where Russians represented over 50%.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

163

Mass Crimes under Stalin (1930-1953)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:55 +0000

Date:

14 March, 2008

Auteur:

Werth Nicolas

«Liquidation of kulaks as a social group» through mass deportations of farmers (1930-1932)****

Forced collectivization of rural areas, decided at the November 1929 Central Committee of the Communist Party Plenum, led to the «liquidation of the kulaks as a social group,» a process also known as «Dekulakization.» The collectivization campaign supported a double objective: firstly, to «extract» (term used in confidential instructions) all elements prone to actively oppose forced collectivization and secondly, to «colonize» vast inhospitable regions of Siberia, the Great North, the Ural

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

124

The Soviet Massive Deportations - A Chronology

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:41 +0000

Date:

5 November, 2007

Auteur:

Campana Aurélie

1934: Josef Stalin, who had ruled the USSR with an iron hand since the end of the 1920s, launched the Great Purge in January 1934 to consolidate his power.

spip auteur id:

spip article id:

The Massive Deportation of the Chechen People: How and why Chechens were Deported

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:40 +0000

Date:

5 November, 2007

Auteur:

Campana Aurélie

A. Context

The Chechen deportation had a lot in common with other massive deportations carried out by the Stalinist regime. The deportation occurred during the Second World War, right after the Red Army reconquered the territories occupied by the German army. The Stalinist regime fallaciously accused the Chechens (and the Ingush) of massive collaboration with the German invaders, and then deported them en masse on February 23, 1944.

spip auteur id:

spip article id: