Cambodia

Nuon Chea

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:12 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

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190

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634

Saloth Sâr (Pol Pot)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:12 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Huitième de neuf enfants, Saloth Sâr nait au milieu des années 20 dans une famille prospère d’un village de Prek Sbauv près de Kompong Thom, à 130 km au nord de Phnom Penh. Les registres du protectorat français le font naître en 1928, mais lui-même affirme être né en 1925 (et avoir changé cette date pour pouvoir étudier à ). Son grand-père, notable provincial, vivait sous la protection de la Famille Royale à Phnom Penh. Sâr fut envoyé dans la capitale, où sa cousine Meak était danseuse du Ballet Royal et l’une des favorites du Roi Monivong.

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190

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635

Norodom Sihanouk

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:12 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

636

Hou Yuon

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:11 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

629

Khieu Samphân

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:11 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Fils d’un magistrat local de la province de Svay Rieng où il naît en 1931, Khieu Samphân fréquente le même lycée que Pol Pot (mais une classe en-dessous de lui). Brillant étudiant, il obtient une bourse pour étudier en France en 1953, où il adhère au PCF et succède à Ieng Sary à la tête du Cercle marxiste. Considéré comme intelligent et ambitieux par ses pairs (Chandler, 1993: 41), il commence à étudier à Montpellier puis à , où il soutient en 1959 une thèse de doctorat sur le développement économique du Cambodge.

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

630

Mok

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:11 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

631

Ieng Sary

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:11 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

632

Lon Nol

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:11 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

633

So Phim

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:10 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

spip auteur id:

190

spip article id:

627

Douch

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:10 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

spip article id:

628

Mok

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:49 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Known under the revolutionary names of Chhit Choeun, Ta 15 or Ta Mok, Ung Choeun was born in Takeo in southern Cambodia, in 1926. Trained as a Buddhist monk, he became one of the leading representatives – along with So Phim, Moul Sambath (Ruos Nhim) and Ke Pauk – of the group of Khmer Rouge leaders which sprang from the Issarak movement against the French in the 1940s. Mok met Pol Pot in the early 1960s while attending a Pâli school in Phnom Penh (Kiernan, 1996: 87).

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Khieu Samphân

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:49 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

The son of a local magistrate in Svay Rieng province, where he was born in 1931, Khieu Samphân attended the same junior high school as Pol Pot, who was in the class above him. A precocious and exceptionally gifted student, he won a scholarship to France in 1953, where he joined the PCF and succeeded Ieng Sary as head of the Cercle Marxiste. His fellows considered him as particularly clever and ambitious (Chandler, 1993: 41).

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Hou Yuon

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:49 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Hou Yuon, born in 1930, was a close colleague of Khieu Samphân, with whom he attended high school in Phnom Penh, but a man of very different temperament. Where Samphân always religiously toed the party line, Yuon spoke his mind and refused to kowtow to party orthodoxy.

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Deuch [Duch]

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:49 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Deuch, whose real name was Kaing Khek Iev, is the best-known surviving representative of the second generation of Khmer Rouge officials who were recruited into the CPK through networks in the Cambodian school system in the period between the party’s founding Congress, in 1960, and Sihanouk’s overthrow 10 years later. He was born in 1942 in Kompong Cham, where he attended secondary school and became a mathematics teacher. In 1967, he was arrested by Sihanouk’s security police and imprisoned in Phnom Penh.

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So Phim

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:49 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Like Mok, So Phim won his spurs as an Issarak guerrilla chief, fighting the French in the late 1940s. He was born into a peasant family in Eastern Cambodia, sometime in the 1920s (the year 1925 is often cited, but is no more than a guess). In August 1951, he became one of five founding members of the Vietnamese-inspired PRPK. Three years later, after the Geneva peace accords ended the first Indochina war, he was named to the four-member provisional committee which headed the party.

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The S-21 Project

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:49 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Context

The Cambodian Communist movement was rooted in the anti-French struggle which played out between 1946 and 1954. This period is sometimes referred to as the First Indo-China War. Before World War II, nearly all the Communists in Cambodia (and there were very few of them at the time) were ethnic Vietnamese. Under Vietnamese guidance, a fledgling Cambodian Communist party was formed in 1951. Initially, its members were particularly active in rural areas bordering Vietnam, and helped Viet Minh forces engaging the French in Vietnam.

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Nuon Chea

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:48 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Long Bunruot, by his real name, was from 1960 onwards the CPK’s second-ranking leader, continuing as Pol Pot’s deputy after the party was formally dissolved in the early 1980s. Grand Uncle Nuon, or Brother Number Two, as he was called, was the most opaque member of a leadership renowned for secrecy. He is sometimes described as the Party ideologue.

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Lon Nol

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:48 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Like Norodom Sihanouk, Lon Nol was educated at the French lycee in Saigon. He was of sino-khmer extraction, though in later life he sought to deny it, maintaining that he was an authentic “black khmer” without Chinese blood. Nol was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Prey Veng province, bordering Vietnam, in November 1913. In 1937, he became a magistrate in the French colonial administration, and subsequently a provincial governor.

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Ieng Sary

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:48 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

Born Kim Trang, the son of a village notable in a Khmer-speaking district of southern Vietnam in 1924, Ieng Sary was adopted at the age of 15 by his uncle, an elderly Buddhist lay preacher, from whom he took his new family name, after his father had died and the family had fallen on hard times. He attended the Lycee Sisowath and, in 1950, left for with a bursary from the democrat party. There he joined the PCF and became head of the Cercle Marxiste, the Marxist study group of which Pol Pot was a founding member.

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Norodom Sihanouk

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:48 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

First King, later Prince, then King again and finally, today, King Father. Norodom Sihanouk’s long career has been intimately linked with that of his Khmer Rouge opponents, for whom he was alternately enemy and ally. After his grandfather King Sisowath Monivong died in 1941, Sihanouk was designated King at the age of 19 by the Petainiste governor-general of Indochina, Admiral Decoux. To the French, he seemed an ideal choice: he was the heir of the two main royal lineages of Cambodia and an inexperienced, music-loving, flamboyant young man who would be putty in their hands.

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Saloth Sâr [Pol Pot]

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:47 +0000

Date:

3 February, 2008

Auteur:

Chandler David

The eighth of nine children, Saloth Sâr was born in the mid 1920s into a prosperous farming family in the small village of Prek Sbauv, near Kompong Thom, 130 kilometers north of Phnom Penh. According to the protectorate registers, he was born in 1928, but according to him, it was in 1925: he would have changed the date to benefit from a grant to study in . His grandfather, a provincial notable, enjoyed the patronage of the Royal Family in Phnom Penh. Sâr was sent to the capital, where his cousin Meak was a royal ballet dancer and one of King Monivong’s favourites.

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Cambodia

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:39 +0000

Date:

4 November, 2007

Auteur:

Lavoix Hélène

While working our way through the literature dealing with the Cambodian drama, which took place during the regime known as Democratic Kampuchea (DK) (used somehow improperly to cover the period 1975-1979 and corresponding to the rule of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), when DK technically did not exist before March 1976), it became clear that our understanding of this period of Cambodian history was not only dependent upon the efforts of the students of Cambodia, but also constrained by the broad political and normative environment.

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Cambodia from 1945

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:30 +0000

Date:

9 March, 2008

Auteur:

Lavoix Hélène

General background

As pointed out by Chandler (1973: 106) brutality and insecurity had been a common feature of nineteenth century Cambodia. Vickery (1984: 7-8) stressed that “Sudden arbitrary violence was still part of the experience of many rural Cambodians in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. A woman acquaintance told me how her father… used to keep his prisoners chained up beneath the house without food or water and then execute them on his own firing range a few hundred yards beyond the back yard.

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