India

Lal Krishna Advani

gregory.cales — Wed, 03 Apr 2019 13:18:32 +0000

Date:

10 September, 2012

Lal Kishanchand Advani—dit Lal Krishna Advani— est un leader nationaliste de droite hindou, issu de la Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS, « Organisation Nationale de Volontaires »). Il naît le 8 novembre 1927 dans une riche famille de Karachi dans le Sindh (province rattachée au Pakistan en 1947). Il entre comme swayamsevak (volontaire) dans la RSS en 1942 et se lance en politique en 1947 comme Secrétaire RSS à Karachi, où il développe nombre de shakhas (unités).

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Un groupe féminin d'autodéfense en Inde : Le « Gang du sari rose »

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:32 +0000

Date:

17 June, 2014

Auteur:

Sen Atreyee

Le New York Gazettedu 18 décembre 1752 relatait l'apparition dans le New Jersey d'une « étrange secte d'individus ». Baptisés les « Réguliers », ils se déguisaient en femmes et se couvraient le visage de peinture avant de se rendre chez des hommes connus pour maltraiter leurs épouses. Ils déshabillaient les maris brutaux et les fouettaient en scandant : « Malheur aux hommes qui battent leurs femmes.

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251

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751

Hindu-Muslim Communal Riots in India I (1947-1986)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:30 +0000

Date:

15 July, 2013

Auteur:

Violette Graff Juliette Galonnier

By Violette Graff, Research Fellow (rtd.), CERI, SciencesPo.
Written in collaboration with Juliette Galonnier, PhD Student, SciencesPo and Northwestern University (Chicago).

INTRODUCTION

(Short biographical notices and background information are provided through hyperlinks for the most important personalities and organizations mentioned in the text that follows. The reader might refer to them for further understanding.)

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Hindu-Muslim Communal Riots in India II (1986-2011)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:30 +0000

Date:

20 August, 2013

Auteur:

Violette Graff Juliette Galonnier

By Violette Graff, Research Fellow (rtd.), CERI, SciencesPo.

Written in collaboration with Juliette Galonnier, PhD Student, SciencesPo and Northwestern University (Chicago).

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262

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Laloo Prasad Yadav

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:28 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

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190

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727

Mulayam Singh Yadav

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:28 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

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190

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728

Charan Singh

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:27 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Chaudhary Charan Singh was an Indian Jat leader. Born in the village of Nurpur in the Meerut district of the then United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), he was from a peasant family of Jats (prosperous farmers). He was educated at Agra College where he earned a law degree in 1926. In 1929, he gave up his legal practice to join full-time politics with the Congress. He was imprisoned on several occasions during the Independence struggle.

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Kalyan Singh

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:27 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Kalyan Singh was born into an OBC (Other Backward Classes) family of Lodhis in Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh). As an OBC belonging to the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian People’s Party), he incarnated the party’s attempt to reach out to the Hindu lower castes. He was the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh from June 1991 to December 1992, during the “Babri Masjid/Ramjanmabhoomi controversy”. In June 1991, just after becoming chief minister, he visited Ayodhya and promised that a Ram temple would be built.

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190

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Ashok Singhal

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:27 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

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190

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Bal Thackeray

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:27 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

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190

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725

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:27 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

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190

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726

Marri Chenna Reddy

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:26 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Chenna Reddy was a Congress Party politician. Born in a Telangana village in the former princely state of Hyderabad, he obtained a MBBS (graduate medical) degree in 1941. At an early age, he joined a students’ organization associated with the Congress Party. In 1946, he became the general secretary of the Hyderabad City Congress, and occupied several posts in various ministries at the state and Union levels. He was also actively involved in the movement promoting a separate Telangana state.

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Syed Shahabuddin

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:26 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Syed Shahabuddin was, in the 1980s, one of the most prominent and talked about Muslim personalities. Born in Ranchi (Bihar), he was educated at St. Xavier’s College in Ranchi and Law College in Patna, from which he obtained a law degree. A lawyer, university teacher, and then diplomat, he has served as an ambassador and government official. In 1977, A. B. Vajpayee, a former Jana Sanghi then Union Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Janata government, encouraged him to leave his diplomatic career and to join politics.

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Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:26 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait was a key Muslim politician from South India. Born in Bangalore to a wealthy Cutchi Memon business family, he graduated with a degree in economics and history. In 1941, at the age of nineteen, he participated in a Muslim League conference in Madras, where he shared the stage with the prominent Muslim leaders of that time (Mohammed Ali Jinnah and Liaqat Ali Khan, among others).

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Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:26 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Mir Osman Ali Khan, also known as Asaf Jah VII, was the last Nizam of the princely state of Hyderabad. Born in Hyderabad, the son of Asaj Jah VI, he received his education at home from eminent scholars and maulanas. In 1911, upon his father’s death, he became the Nizam of Hyderabad, a title he held until 1948 when the princely state was finally integrated into the Indian Union. He married seven wives, and had approximately forty children. During his reign, he was counted among the world’s richest men.

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Sardar Patel

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:26 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Sardar Patel, also called the “Iron Man of India,” was a leading figure in India’s struggle for independence and the person who gathered forcefully the various states which were to compose the Union of India. Born in Nadiad (Gujarat), raised in the countryside, and largely self-educated, he became a practicing lawyer. Elected to the Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad in 1917, he began by questioning British rule and subsequently joined Gandhi in his various movements for independence, becoming one of his most loyal followers.

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Dawood Ibrahim

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:25 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Son of a police constable, Sheikh Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar was born in the village of Mumkaa (Mahrasthtra). After moving to Bombay, he joined various criminal gangs and soon became one of the city’s organized crime leaders. After the assassination of his brother in 1983, Ibrahim left India for Dubai. It is alleged that he organized the March 1993 Bombay bombings from there, both because of an agreement with Pakistan’s intelligence services and in retaliation for the 1993 anti-Muslim riots, in which so many of his coreligionists were killed.

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Murli Manohar Joshi

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:25 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Murli Manohar Joshi is a leader of the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian People’s Party) also known for his strong links with the RSS (Rashtriya Swamsevak Sangh, National Volunteers’ Association). Born in Delhi, he earned a PhD in Physics from Allahabad University. Joshi joined the RSS in 1944 and took part in several of its major campaigns, particularly the Cow Protection Movement in 1953.

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Balraj Madhok

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:25 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Balraj Madhok was among the founders of the BJS (Bharatiya Jan Sangh, Indian People’s Alliance) in 1951. He is now one of the oldest living leaders of the Sangh Parivar (Hindu family of organizations). Born in the district of Skardu, now in Pakistan, to an Arya Samaj (Hindu reformist movement) family, Madhok completed his education in Lahore and subsequently became a history professor at the University of Delhi. After attending several Communist Party meetings, he became a full-time member of the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, National Volunteers’ Association) in 1942.

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Mayawati

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:25 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

As a Dalit and a woman, Mayawati Kumari has followed a surprisingly successful political trajectory. Born in Delhi to a Dalit family of Chamars, she completed her education at Delhi University and became a teacher. Facing segregation and discrimination in her daily life, she was naturally interested in the works of Dr. Ambedkar. In 1977, she joined politics under the mantle of her mentor, the Dalit leader, Kanshi Ram. When he formed the BSP (Bahujan Samaj Party) in 1984 to represent Dalits, she left her teaching job and dedicated her life to politics.

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Narendra Modi

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:25 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

An aggressive leader of the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian People’s Party) and a prominent Sangh Parivar (Hindu family of organizations) activist, Narendra Modi was born in Vadnagar (Gujarat) to a middle-class Hindu family belonging to the Other Backward Classes (OBC). He joined the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, National Volunteers’ Association) as a child. He obtained a MA in Political Science from Gujarat University, where he was an active member of the ABVP (Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi had, Hindu student union) as well as a pracharak (cadre) in the RSS.

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Jawaharlal Nehru

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:25 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Jawaharlal Nehru was born into a Kashmiri Pandit family that had settled in Allahabad. He was the son of Motilal Nehru, a successful barrister and recognized Congress leader. After completing his education at Cambridge University, Nehru came back to India in 1912 and then joined active politics. He became one of the leading figures in India’s struggle for independence. A strong opponent of the Muslim League’s “Two-Nation theory,” he finally agreed with the Vice-Roy Lord Mountbatten that the last British proposal that was Partition was the only available move.

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Morarji Desai

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:24 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Morarji Ranchhodji Desai, Prime Minister of India from 1977 to 1979, was born into a Gujarati family in Bhadeli (in the then Bombay Presidency). He received a very good education from Wilson College of Bombay and soon joined the freedom-struggle movement. A committed Congressman, he was the efficient chief minister (1952–1956) of the not-yet-partitioned state of Bombay. He was then called to Delhi, first as the commerce and then finance minister, where he proved his efficacy, so much so that he appeared to be a serious contender for the post of prime minister.

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A.J. Faridi

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:24 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Dr. Abdul Jaleel Faridi was one of the founding fathers of the MMM (Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat), an effort to gather the various parties and individual personalities concerned with redressing the grievances of the Muslim community (for instance Dr Syed Mahmood, a Congressist from Bihar, Ali Mian from the Nadwa Seminary of Lucknow, a close friend of Dr. Faridi, etc). He was a medical practitioner from Lucknow where he was born into a well-known and respected family (his father was a judge). He studied at the Christian College and then at the Medical College of Lucknow.

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Indira Gandhi

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:24 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and, again, from 1980 until her death in 1984. Born in 1917 to the prominent Nehru political family, she completed her education from the Shantiniketan institution of Rabindranath Tagore and from Somerville College, Oxford University. She got her name from Feroze Gandhi, a Parsi, whom she married in 1942. After serving her father as an unofficial personal assistant, she became union minister after his death in 1964 and then replaced the late Lal Bahadur Shastri as prime minister in 1966.

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Rajiv Gandhi

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:24 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Born in Bombay in 1944, Rajiv Gandhi was the elder son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi. Educated in the United Kingdom, where he met his wife, the Italian-born Sonia Gandhi, he came back to India in 1967. Contrary to his younger brother, Sanjay, who had been groomed to, one day, follow in his mother’s footsteps, Rajiv was not really interested in politics and became a professional pilot. However, the sudden death of Sanjay, in June 1980, compelled him to revise his plans and he became a personal advisor to his mother.

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Golwalkar (19 February 1906-5 June 1973)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:24 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar, also known as Guru Golwalkar or Guruji, was the second Sarsanghchalak (chief) of the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, National Volunteers’ Organization). Born near Nagpur (Maharashtra) to a rather poor, lower middle-class family of Karhada Brahmins (Golwalkar’s father was a clerk), Golwalkar proved to be a brilliant student; he studied and even taught for a while at Benares Hindu University (BHU). There he joined the RSS shakha (branch) and met Dr. K. B. Hedgewar, the founder of the RSS, who convinced him to become more active in the organization.

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Zakir Hussain

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:24 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Zakir Hussain was the first Muslim president of India. He was born in the princely state of Hyderabad (now Andhra Pradesh) to an upper-class family of Pathan descent. After receiving an orthodox upbringing, he completed his education from the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (currently Aligarh Muslim University), where he joined student politics. He was among those students and teachers, who established the nationalist university of Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920. He then earned his PhD at the University of Berlin (Germany).

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Syed Abdullah Bukhari

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:23 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Maulana Syed Abdullah Bukhari was the 12th Shahi Imam of Delhi’s Jama Masjid. Born in Rajasthan and educated in Delhi, he belonged to the Bukhari family that had been in charge of the mosque from the 17th century onwards. Succeeding his father in 1973, the booming Abdullah Bukhari became one of the most visible characters within India’s Muslim community. As the imam of India’s most famous mosque and a fierce defender of the Muslim cause, including from his pulpit, his influence on the Muslim community was, in critical times, relatively strong.

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Balasaheb Deoras (Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras)

admineedprs — Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:23 +0000

Date:

20 November, 2012

Auteur:

OEMV

Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras, popularly known as Balasaheb Deoras, was the third Sarsanghchalak (chief) of the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, National Volunteers’ Organization), a post he occupied from 1973 to 1994. Born into a middle-class orthodox Brahmin family in Nagpur, Deoras obtained a law degree from Nagpur University. He joined the RSS at a very young age and dedicated his life to the organization (he never married, nor actively practiced law).

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