Poland http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/taxonomy/term/737/all en The Violence of Female Guards in Nazi Concentration Camps (1939-1945): Reflections on the Dynamics and Logics of Power http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/violence-female-guards-nazi-concentration-camps-1939-1945-reflections-dynamics-and-logics-p <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">5 February, 2015</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3039">Mailänder Elissa</a> </div> </div> </div> <p><em>Article traduit du français par Malcolm Imrie.</em></p> <p>Survivors and researchers usually present the concentration camp as the ultimate example of a total institution. The terror so zealously applied by the employees of the Schutzstaffel (SS, protection squadron) in the camps was indeed meticulously planned by the leaders of the SS – first and foremost Heinrich Himmler (Sofsky, 1997; Armanski, 1993; Herbert, Orth and Dieckmann, 1998; Benz and Distel, 2005). Nonetheless, the idea that all terror was systematically organised is somewhat misleading.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 256 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 764 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/violence-female-guards-nazi-concentration-camps-1939-1945-reflections-dynamics-and-logics-p" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Germany Nazi Europe Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:35 +0000 admineedprs 3223 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Auschwitz http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3216 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">15 September, 2014</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3031">Buggeln Marc</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Auschwitz est devenu l’incarnation des crimes contre l’humanité en général et plus particulièrement du génocide des Juifs d’Europe perpétré par l’Allemagne nationale-socialiste, que l’on désigne couramment par les termes d’Holocauste et de Shoah <a class="see-footnote" id="footnoteref1_zn7rrkw" title=" Le texte ayant été écrit en anglais, nous avons conservé le terme de « Holocauste ». Pour l’emploi de ce mot, voir le glossaire à « Holocaust », « Shoah », « Crime of genocide »." href="#footnote1_zn7rrkw">1</a>.</p> <ul class="footnotes"><li class="footnote" id="footnote1_zn7rrkw"><a class="footnote-label" href="#footnoteref1_zn7rrkw">1.</a> Le texte ayant été écrit en anglais, nous avons conservé le terme de « Holocauste ». Pour l’emploi de ce mot, voir le glossaire à « Holocaust », « Shoah », « Crime of genocide ».</li> </ul> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 257 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 754 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3216" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Germany Nazi Europe Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:33 +0000 admineedprs 3216 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance La violence des surveillantes des camps de concentration national-socialistes (1939-1945) : réflexions sur les dynamiques et logiques du pouvoir http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3038 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">6 March, 2012</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3039">Mailänder Elissa</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Les survivants et les chercheurs se représentent généralement le camp de concentration comme une institution totale par excellence. Exécutée avec zèle par les employés de la Schutzstaffel (SS, escadron de protection) des camps, la terreur fut, en effet, méticuleusement planifiée par les dirigeants SS – dont Heinrich Himmler en premier lieu (Sofsky, 1995 ; Armanski, 1993 ; Herbert, Orth et Dieckmann, 1998 ; Benz et Distel, 2005).Mais cette image d’une organisation systématique de la terreur demeure quelque peu trompeuse.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 256 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 576 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3038" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Germany Nazi Europe Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:02 +0000 admineedprs 3038 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Auschwitz http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/auschwitz <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">25 November, 2011</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/3031">Buggeln Marc</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Auschwitz has become synonymous with crimes against humanity, in general, and the genocide of the Jews of Europe by National Socialist Germany, in particular, which is commonly referred to using the terms “Holocaust” and “Shoah”. Auschwitz was the biggest extermination camp, the biggest concentration camp, and, moreover, the camp that was responsible for the highest number of Jewish deaths.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 257 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 571 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/auschwitz" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Germany Nazi Europe Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:43:01 +0000 admineedprs 3030 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance The Katyń Massacres of 1940 http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2998 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">23 July, 2011</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2681">Kosicki Piotr H.</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>The Katyń Massacres were at least four series of massacres carried out by the Soviet “People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs” (NKVD), or security police, on Polish prisoners of war and political prisoners over the course of April and May 1940. Until 1990, when the Soviet Union admitted that its officials had been responsible for the death of 21,857 Poles, one generally spoke of the “Katyń Massacre,” after the Katyń Forest site (present-day Russia) where, in 1943, the German army discovered mass graves containing a total of 4,123 corpses (4,243 according to Polish figures).</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 79 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 592 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2998" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Poland Soviet Union Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:56 +0000 admineedprs 2998 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Chronology of Mass Violence in Poland 1918-1948 http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-violence-poland-1918-1948 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">10 May, 2010</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2969">Potel Jean Yves </a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Long partitioned between the Russian, Austrian and German empires (1795-1918), Poland recovered its independence on 11 November 1918. Its baseline borders were recognized by the League of Nations (LN) in 1923, in the aftermath of several military campaigns. A territory of plains stretching 389,000 square kilometers, it was bounded in the west by the districts of Katowice, Poznań and Toruń, with access to the Baltic Sea near the free city of Danzig (Gdańsk), and in the east by Wilno (Vilnius), Tarnopol and Stanislawów. The new state adopted a parliamentary democratic constitution in 1921.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 176 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 515 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-violence-poland-1918-1948" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Nazi Europe Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:50 +0000 admineedprs 2968 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Chronologie de la Pologne 1918-1948 http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2971 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">14 April, 2010</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2969">Potel Jean Yves </a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Longtemps partagée entre les empires russe, autrichien et allemand (1795-1918), la Pologne recouvre son indépendance<br /> le 11 novembre 1918. Ses frontières de référence sont reconnues par la Société des Nations (SDN) en 1923, après<br /> plusieurs campagnes militaires. C’est un territoire de plaines qui s’étend sur 389 000 km2, limité à l’ouest par les<br /> districts de Katowice, Poznań et Toruń<em></em> avec un accès à la mer baltique près de Dantzig ville libre<br /> (Gdańsk), et à l’est par Wilno (Vilnius), Tarnopol et Stanisławów. Le nouvel Etat adopte une constitution</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 176 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 506 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2971" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Nazi Europe Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:50 +0000 admineedprs 2971 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance The Katyń Massacres of 1940 http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/katyn-massacres-1940 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">8 September, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/node/2681">Kosicki Piotr H.</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>The Katyń Massacres were at least four series of massacres carried out by the Soviet “People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs” (NKVD), or security police, on Polish prisoners of war and political prisoners over the course of April and May 1940. Until 1990, when the Soviet Union admitted that its officials had been responsible for the death of 21,857 Poles, one generally spoke of the “Katyń Massacre,” after the Katyń Forest site (present-day Russia) where, in 1943, the German army discovered mass graves containing a total of 4,123 corpses (4,243 according to Polish figures).</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 79 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 174 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/katyn-massacres-1940" target="_blank">read more</a></p> Poland Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:41:59 +0000 admineedprs 2680 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance