CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, March 31th 2023, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

Fragile rights : Disability, public policy and social change

Anne Revillard

Associate Professor, Sciences Po - CRIS
Director of the Laboratory for the interdisciplinary evaluation of public policies (LIEPP)

Over the years, many disability-related rights have been legally recognized, but how has this changed the everyday lives of disabled people?

This book offers an original perspective on disability rights by addressing the question of their (non-)realization at the individual level, taking the experiences of ordinary disabled people as a starting point.

Drawing on biographical interviews collected from individuals with either mobility or visual impairments in France, the book analyses the reception of disability policies in the fields of education, employment, social rights and accessibility.

It examines to what extent these policies contribute to the realization of the associated rights among disabled people. In all the domains under study, the rights associated with disability suffer from major implementation flaws. In this context, disabled citizens play a very active role in the realization of their rights: they protest, negotiate, tinker, use or circumvent policies in order to make their rights real, but also to assert themselves as subjects of rights. This seminar will demonstrate these conclusions based on the case of accessibility.

Fragile Rights. Disability, Public Policy, and Social Change. Published on March 29th by Bristol University Press. ISBN 978-1529231007. 

Mandatory Registration. Thank You.

To find out more:

• Webpage (CRIS)
• Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Public Policies

Maël Ginsburger termine son parcours de doctorant au CRIS. Dans 3 mois viendra la soutenance finale, alors que plusieurs articles et un ouvrage co-écrit garnissent déjà son portefeuille de publications.
Il décide à l’automne dernier de candidater au Prix Jeune chercheur de la Fondation des Treilles, créé par Anne Gruner-Schlumberger pour « nourrir le dialogue entre les sciences et les arts, afin de faire progresser la création et la recherche ». Le printemps venu, Maël découvre qu’il fait partie des lauréats distingués par le Conseil scientifique de la fondation. C’est l’occasion de présenter plus en détail ses travaux entamés au CRIS en 2018.

Titre de la thèse : Pratiques environnementales, inégalités sociales et styles de consommation en France depuis 1985, sous la direction de Philippe Coulangeon (Sciences Po - CRIS, CNRS).

Pourquoi présenter sa candidature au Prix Jeune chercheur ?
Plusieurs raisons en fait ! La dotation financière proposée par la Fondation qui constitue, comme les postes d’ATER, une source de financement pour terminer sereinement sa thèse. Un précédent, Mathieu Ferry, doctorant de l’OSC qui a obtenu ce prix en 2017 (1). C’est un prix pluridisciplinaire, orienté vers les jeunes chercheurs. Enfin, il y a eu un effort à fournir pour expliciter à des non spécialistes les enjeux et les méthodes mises en œuvre dans ma thèse.

Présentation du cadre scientifique
Ma thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine scientifique de la sociologie quantitative, l’étude de la stratification sociale, dans la lignée des travaux de Pierre Bourdieu sur la distinction.

Problématique et singularité de la démarche
- Pierre Bourdieu a principalement étudié les goûts et les pratiques culturelles, la culture revêtant une dimension symbolique structurant l’appartenance à différentes classes sociales. J’ai décidé, ce qui fait l’originalité de mon travail, d’étudier la stratification par le prisme très contemporain de la transition écologique, via des aspects matériels : les pratiques de consommation ordinaires, qui s’inscrivent dans des styles de vie. Cette approche permet une grande profondeur historique pour observer l’entrée dans la transition, le cheminement (ou pas) vers l’éco-citoyenneté prônée aujourd’hui. 
- Le fait d’avoir des appareils électro-ménagers nombreux et récents, d’utiliser une automobile ou le train, de trier ses déchets ou de fréquenter des magasins bio sont autant de marqueurs qui sont interprétables pour le sociologue. On a longtemps considéré que le développement de la société de consommation des années 70 à 2000 a amené à masquer les différences de classe. L’étude des pratiques quotidiennes ordinaires dans un contexte de prescriptions et d’injonctions environnementales me permet d’identifier les facteurs de différenciation.

Rien ne change vraiment
L’un des résultats remarquables de mes travaux c’est de noter la stabilité de la stratification sociale depuis 1985, entre les consommateurs exclus (contraints par les conditions matérielles d’existence) et ceux qui sont intégrés. Autre clivage pérenne, celui qui distingue les connectés (consommateurs de biens technologiques, très mobiles sur de longue distance, usagers des transports collectifs urbains), des  autonomes (pratiquant l’autoconsommation, peu de déplacements, un faible renouvellement des objets).

Des discours et des actes
On peut observer que les membres d’un groupe social peuvent se distinguer en érigeant une “frontière morale”, par exemple par le biais d’un discours supérieur prônant une éthique et des comportements environnementaux vertueux, alors qu’ils sont, de par leurs style de vie, et proportionnellement à d’autres groupes, de gros consommateurs.

________

1. Observatoire sociologique du changement, ancienne appellation  du laboratoire.
Titre de la thèse de Mathieu Ferry : What goes around meat eating, comes around: Vegetarianism as a status marker in contemporary India

Let's meet our current guests, in Spring 2023:

_________  Abdie Kazemipur (Canada)

Where are you from?
I work at Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Canada, as a professor and the Research Chair in Ethnic Studies. I am also the Academic Director of the University’s Research Data Centre. Originally, I am from Iran, where I finished my BA and MA in sociology at University of Tehran. I then moved to Canada to finish my doctoral studies at University of Manitoba, after which worked at universities of Lethbridge, Memorial, and now Calgary.

What is currently your main research questions?
I am currently working on three new projects:
- a quantitative study of the socio-economic experiences of Muslim immigrants in Canada, which utilizes a range of secondary data generated by Statistics Canada, as well as a nationwide survey of Muslim and non-Muslim Canadians to be conducted later in 2023;
- a mixed-methods study of the culture of migration in Iran and its consequences for the lives of migrants, non-migrants, and what I have called ‘subjective migrants’;
- a study of the broad societal changes in Iran over the past half a century, and their implications for the future of the country, with a focus on ways to (re)build the communal spirit.

What do you expect from this stay?
As a believer in the value of comparative research, I hope to benefit from brainstorming with, and feedback from, colleagues with shared research interests who are working in different countries. I also hope to build a foundation for future collaborative comparative work in any/all of the above-mentioned areas. I believe in the motto once mentioned by the American sociologist, Martin Lipset: “A person who knows only one country basically knows no country well”.

What has been the most unexpected or surprising aspect of your stay in Paris or Sciences Po so far?
As a first impression of Paris by a sociologist of religion, I have been amazed about the number of large and magnificent churches that exist throughout the city and in close proximity to each other. I am also impressed that despite the secularity of the population and the state policy of laïcité, which have defined the French society for so long, these churches have remained relatively intact and functional throughout the years.

What would you most like to bring back with you once you leave?
A better understanding of the French society and its intellectual history; more familiarity with the French sociologists and their works; and some basic understanding of the French language. 

University of Calgary Webpage - Personal website

Nubin Ciziri (Sweden)  ______________

Where are you from?
Uppsala University, Sweden.

Could you present your scientific field?
Sociology of migration and education with interests in ethnic studies and family sociology.

What is currently your main research question?
I explore how the process of migration characterises refugee families’ structures, practices and resources. I work with the case of Kurds who fled the Syrian war and reside in Sweden.

What do you expect from this stay?
I hope to write my empirical chapters and present them to the group at CRIS, as well as engaging in the seminars and doctoral events with colleagues.

Uppsala University Webpage  - Twitter

 _________ Olof Östergren (Sweden)

Where are you from?
I am Swedish and my academic home is the Department of Public Health Sciences at Stockholm University.

Could you present your scientific field?
Currently I am working on inequalites in social and health outcomes and health heavior during the coronavirus pandemic, mortality from behavioral risk factors for Finnish migrants in Sweden and the reflexive relationships between social and pysiological processes in relation to addictive substances and behaviors. I am also a program coordinator for SWECOV, a national transdisciplinary research program on the coronavirus pandemic. I work primarily with quantitative methods and with administrative register data.

What brought you to CRIS, and why were you interested in being a visiting researcher here?
My research interests combine social sciences and health sciences and I try to learn as much as I can from specialists from different fields. After defending my thesis in Sociology I was a postdoc in the social gerontology unit at Karolinska Instiutet. After that I worked with scientists and civil servants from several different fields at the Swedish govenrment offices, in a inquiry evaluating the political response to the coronavirus pandemic. I recently ended a year long research stay with demographers at INED. I came to CRIS to gain a better understanding of social inequalites.

What would you most like to bring back with you once you leave?
I'd like to develop as a researcher, both in terms of substnative knowledge and in terms of new perspectives on the topics I am working with.

Stockholm University Webpage

What is your topic of study and what is your home institution?

UNC The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, 17th March 2023, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

Early and intensive music education in disadvantaged neighbourhoods:
what impacts, for whom? Evidence from a quasi-experiment

Julie Pereira

PhD Student, Sciences Po - CRIS

This presentation explores the impact of a music education program on the development of cognitive abilities of young students aged 4-7 years.
This program, implemented in a set of 40 pre-elementary schools located in disadvantaged areas of Val d'Oise, relies on regular violin training during standard school hours.
The main rationale for this project is based on the widespread belief — though unequally backed by the scientific literature — that learning a musical instrument improves general cognitive skills.

Based on a quasi-experimental research design combining entropy balancing and multilevel mixed effects models, two main results already emerge midway into the program.

- First, the program has a substantial impact on some specific skills related to fine motricity and reading, as well as perceived conscientiousness ; while displaying no significant impact on other outcomes.
- Second, the magnitude of this impact varies according to students' social background: maximum for students from low SES backgrounds, and minimal for students from higher SES backgrounds.

Evidence gathered from this study show mixed results regarding the impact of arts education in general, and instrumental musical training in particular, on educational inequalities. On one hand, cognitive near transfer has been demonstrated, especially for the most socially disadvantaged students, which tend to confirm DiMaggio’s cultural mobility theory. However, on the other hand, our research does not show any evidence of far transfer, to numeracy or logic for example.
These results thus suggest that benefits from such arts education programs could be limited to a set of skills closely related to the specific skills being trained.

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, February 24th 2023, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

Can Markets be Morally Performative?
Henry Ford and the U.S. Quest for Standard Hospital Prices

Roi Livne

Associate Professor, University of Michigan

Scholars of economic performativity have largely focused on the constitutive effect of economic designs, models, formulae, and tools of calculation on markets (Callon, 1998). Yet the theoretical notion of capitalist markets provides far more than material designs for market exchange. Since Adam Smith, markets have also been moral constructs that generate categorizations of social and moral worth.

In this talk, I draw on the sociology of critical capacity (Boltanski and Thevenot, 1999; Boltanski, 2011) to interrogate critiques that have been directed toward how U.S. hospitals price care. Principle among those critiques is the fact that, unlike in the perfect market model, U.S. hospitals exercise radical price discrimination, charging virtually arbitrary amounts to different people for similar treatments. I analyze the case of the historic Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan as a paradigmatic case in which a hospital attempted to institute standard prices, arguing that this attempt illustrates moral performativity, as it was tightly linked to a moralistic view of the capitalist society, which Ford sought to promote through his hospital.

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

To find out more: https://lsa.umich.edu/soc/people/faculty/roi-livne.html

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, February 10th 2023, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

In or Out? Xenophobic Violence and Immigrant Integration.
Evidence from 19th century France

Mathilde Emeriau

Assistant Professor in Empirical Political Economy, LSE (London)

How do immigrants respond to xenophobic violence? We study the responses of Italian immigrants in 19th century France to a wave of xenophobic violence triggered by the assassination of the French president by an Italian anarchist in 1894.
By linking nominative census records between 1886, 1891 and 1896, we study the decision of Italian immigrants to either leave their host communities or stay and naturalize using a difference in differences design, comparing the change in exit and naturalization rate of Italians before and after the assassination to that of other foreigners in the same period.
While some Italians left, other stayed and naturalized.

Descriptively, our data is consistent with three different mechanisms: (1) Exposure to or fear of violence drove Italians out, (2) anticipating discrimination from consumers, business owners naturalized to avoid boycott by natives, (3) pressured by French workers, employers fired Italians workers who had to leave to find employment elsewhere.

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

To find out more: Home page (LSE) - Website

Is ‘diversity’ a liability or an asset in elite labour markets?
The case of graduates who have benefited from a French positive discrimination scheme

Agnès van Zanten, Senior Researcher CNRS, Sciences Po - CRIS

Journal of Education and Work
Volume 36, 2023 - Issue 1: Positionality and social inequality in graduate careers

Available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2022.2162016

This article analyses the obstacles faced by graduates who benefited from an ambitious positive discrimination scheme called conventions éducation prioritaire (acronym CEP) which was launched by Sciences Po in 2001 and which had involved 2,262 young people by 2020. The scheme (which operated from 2001–2020) represented a radical departure from the main admissions procedure at the time, which was based on a competitive written exam including several essays on traditional academic subjects.

It adopts a Bourdieusian perspective enriched by research on the barriers encountered by socially mobile individuals from disadvantaged and stigmatised categories and studies the experiences of graduates who lack the economic, cultural, and social capital necessary to compete with traditional holders of elite positions and who, due to their ascribed characteristics and/or the positive discrimination label itself, are prone to self-eliminate from elite positions or be subjected to discriminatory practices.

Using data collected through interviews with 42 beneficiaries of this scheme still in the early stages of their professional careers, the article shows that the graduates’ disadvantages and ways of coping with them, as well their chances of being stigmatised and reactions to this process, vary considerably.
This variation can be explained by different family backgrounds and ethnoracial characteristics but also by axiological positions towards employability and social mobility, with ‘purists’ more likely to invest in increasing their technical cultural capital to make up for ‘handicaps’ and ‘players’ more likely to put forward ‘soft skills’ including, in some cases, those associated with their ‘diversity’.

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, January 20th 2023, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

Housing and school choices in the unequal city:
current findings and a future research agenda

Quentin Ramond

Assistant Professor, Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies
& The Institute of Urban and Territorial Studies
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago)
 

In many cities, rising housing prices make access to advantaged neighbourhoods served by desirable schools highly challenging for large segments of the population. How, then, do families with children articulate housing and school choices?

This presentation examines the complex trade-offs households consider between housing and school to deal with growing housing affordability constraints and the unequal geography of education.

First, I present recent results regarding the relationship between access to homeownership and inequalities of educational opportunity in Paris. Drawing on exhaustive and geocoded data on property transactions and buyers, I show that the upper-middle classes have consolidated their access to the property market in the most desirable school catchment areas, thereby widening the gap with the rest of the population who is increasingly excluded from neighbourhoods served by high-quality schools.

Based on these findings, I outline an ambitious research agenda that structures my ERC Starting Grant proposal, which is currently under evaluation. Drawing on national, geocoded and individual-level longitudinal data, the aim of this project is to analyse how housing tenure – that is, being a homeowner or living in a privately rented dwelling or in social housing – shapes residential sorting processes and, subsequently, local educational opportunity and school choice in large French metropolitan areas."

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

La conversion écologique des français
Contradictions et clivages

Philippe Coulangeon, Yoann Demoli, Maël Ginsburger, Ivaylo Petev

PUF, collection Le lien social, 220 p., ISBN 978-2-13-083258-4

Au début des années 90, deux jeunes chercheurs en planification urbaine de l'Université de Colombie-Britanique proposaient un nouvel outil de mesure, l'empreinte écologique, pour mieux quantifier la soutenabilité de notre environnement face aux comportements et à la pression humaine. De multiples politiques publiques affichent, à la suite des accords de Paris en 2015 ou des rapports du GIEC, la préoccupation de réduire cette empreinte, mettant sobriété et réduction des pollutions au coeur de dispositifs incitatifs ou coercitifs. Même si les innovations technologiques ou l'amélioration du cadre de vie atténuera le coût social de la transition, l'impact sur nos modes de vie et de consommation sera réel.
Cet ouvrage entend montrer que pour apprécier une telle transformation, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les habitudes et pratiques polluantes des français dans leurs rapports inégalitaires à l'espace résidentiel ainsi que les clivages de classe sociale, d'âge ou de genre qui divisent la population.

Ce livre étudie les logiques sociales de la conversion écologique en questionnant les représentations, les attitudes et les pratiques à partir de plusieurs sources, du Panel ELIPSS comprenant un échantillon représentatif de la population française aux grandes enquêtes nationales de la statistique publique.      

La première partie de l'ouvrage, analyse sur une longue période la diffusion des préoccupations environnementales à l'échelle mondiale. Une série de modèles interprétatifs sont proposés, selon le rôle prêté à l'évolution des conditions matérielles d'existence, la diffusion des valeurs pro-environnementales ou les changements culturels. Ces préoccupations sont en France très inégalement partagées. Dans la seconde partie, une analyse systématique des mutations de la consommation et des styles de vie est proposée. Mutation des régimes de consommation alimentaire (chapitre 3), contraintes matérielles et résidentielles encadrant les consommations vestimentaires ou d'équipement domestique (chap. 4), rationalité ambivalente des pratiques de tri et de sobriété énergétique qui découle de motivations concurrentes de préservation des ressources et d'adaptation aux contraintes budgétaires (chap. 5), articulation des contraintes sociales et spatiales de déplacement et dimension statutaire des mobilités (chap. 6). Dans la dernière partie, les auteurs proposent une analyse des clivages qui traversent la société française contemporaine en matière de pratiques environnementales. Les auteurs révèlent alors une possible contradiction des attitudes et des pratiques. La conversion se trouve entravée par le poids des fractures sociales et spatiales qui traversent la société.

Dans le chapitre 8, les auteurs dressent une typologie des mode de vie permettant de distinguer 4 styles d'empreinte environnementale. Ces idéaux-types sont formés par le lien entre la sobriété et la conscience environnementale :
- le consumérisme assumé (-/-)
- l'écoconsumérisme (-/+)
- l'écocosmopolitisme (+/+)
- la frugalité sans intention (+/-).

En conclusion les auteurs soulignent que le souci environnemental s'est généralisé en France comme au niveau international, mais tardivement, et de manière partielle et non homogène. Deux logiques sont à l'oeuvre : un sentiment d'inquiétude environnementale et une forme de défiance vis-à-vis du progrès technique et humain. Les variations sociales sont notables. L'articulation entre préoccupation environnementale et évolution des habitudes de consommation est complexe et ambivalente. Ces dernières années restent marquées par une intensification des pratiques de consommation, de l'usage de la voiture et de l'avion. Autour de la conversion écologique se jouent des logiques économiques, de classe, de type et lieu d'habitat, de genre, rendant complexes les politiques de transition devant prendre en compte les coûts économiques et sociaux des réformes et leur acceptabilité sociale.  

• Présentation du contenu de l'ouvrage par 3 des auteurs [vidéo, 6']
• Table des matières (pdf, 232 Ko)
• Données annexes (tableaux)

•  Lien éditeur (PUF)
• Lien vers les données de l'enquête SVEN
• Recension par Jean Haëntjens, Futurible
• Recension par Blandine Doazan, Marianne
• Podcast France Inter (La Terre au carré), La conversion écologique des Français : qui sont les Français sensibles à l'environnement en France ?
• Podcast de l'émission La tête dans l'étagère de Radio Escapades (St Hippolyte-du-Fort) animée par Vlad, avec Maël Ginsburger. [MP3, 61 min.]
• Recension dans Le Monde, Débats, par Claire Legros [abonnés]
• Article de Mathieu Giroux dans Usbek & Rica, Portrait-robot de l'écocitoyen français

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, January 6th 2023, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

High hopes and broken promises:
Young adult life courses and political protest in West Africa

Anette Fasang
Professor of Microsociology, Berlin Social Science Center (WZB),
Humboldt-University

Failing to attain an aspired social position can be a profoundly painful experience. Across the global South, the combination of educational expansion and a stagnant labour market prevents vast numbers of young people from finding a job commensurate with their level of education.

In this study, we combine quantitative and qualitative data analysis to document adverse generational change in young adult life courses, the rise of unfulfilled occupational aspirations, and ensuing political protest in West Africa with a special focus on Senegal.

Based on an original data collection of 80 autobiographical interviews we show how Senegalese youth cope with unfulfilled occupational aspirations, and which coping strategies are most associated with political protest. Findings reveal four dominant coping strategies and corresponding narrative frames (Resignation, Internalization, Contestation, and Escape).

The ‘resignation’ frame involves an acceptance of and adjustment to  performing low-status irregular work, often seeking fulfilment in other life domains, such as religion or family. The most common frame, ‘internalization’, relies on neoliberal tropes about individual responsibility and self-reliance. The ‘contestation’ frame critiques the global and local structural conditions that hamper local employment opportunities and is most associated with political activism. Finally, ‘escape’ frames clandestine migration as a risky alternative route to success. We discuss the socio-political ramifications of our findings and the applicability of our typology of coping strategies to other social settings.

Registration is mandatory. Thanks.

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Monday, December 12th 2022, 2:15- 3:45 pm
Sciences Po (1, place Saint-Thomas) - Room H101

Does Schooling Affect Socioeconomic Inequalities in Educational Attainment? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany

Michael GRÄTZ
Associate Professor, Stockholm Univeristy & University of Lausanne

Critical theories of education and the dynamics of skill formation model predict that the education system reproduces socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment. Previous empirical studies comparing changes in socioeconomic inequalities in academic performance over the summer to changes in these inequalities during the school year argue, however, that schooling reduces inequalities in educational performance.

The present study sheds light on the question of whether schooling affects socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment by analyzing a natural experiment that induces exogenous variation in the length of schooling and allows me to investigate the causal, long-term effects of the length of schooling on inequalities in educational attainment.

Some German states moved the school start from spring to summer in 1966/ 1967 and introduced two short school years, each of which was three months shorter than a regular school year. I use variation in the short school years across cohorts and states to estimate the causal effects of the length of schooling on socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment based on two German panel surveys.

Less schooling due to the short school years did not affect inequalities in educational attainment. This finding runs counter to the results from the summer learning literature and to the predictions of the dynamics of skill formation model and critical theories of education.

I conclude by discussing the implications of this finding for our understanding of socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment.

Paper can be downloaded here - To find out about Michael Grätz

Registration is mandatory. Thank you. [Virtual access available via Zoom]

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, December 9th 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (13, rue de l'Université) - Room J208

Inequalities in time use, risk and enjoyment
across the UK pandemic

 Oriel Sullivan
Professor of Sociology of Gender
University College London (UCL)

Using a unique series of time use diary surveys, collected during all the main phases of the COVID19 pandemic in the UK, we present changes in activities (done in and out of doors) and their social context during 3 lockdowns, one period of relaxation of restrictions between lockdowns, and one after the end of all restrictions. We investigate differences in risk-related activities according to sex and age, and the relative enjoyment of those activities that increased during the pandemic (such as child care for parents).

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

Oriel Sullivan is Professor of Sociology of Gender in the Social Research Institute and Co-Director of the Center for Time Use Research (CTUR), University College London  (UCL). Publications (Google Scholar)

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, December 2nd 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, Place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K008

Governing through Dis-orientation.
The Spatial Management of Asylum Seekers in France

Maxime Christophe
(PhD Student, Sciences Po - CRIS)

Since 2015 and the appearance of the first urban camps, Paris has been perceived by public authorities as "strained" due to the excess presence of asylum seekers and the lack of public accommodation.
A policy of "orientating" these asylum seekers away from the city has taken shape in the form of a network of transit centres. This management of the flow of individuals reinforces a logic of constraint of the mobility already present in the accomodation system.
Through a multi-sited ethnography, interviewing and archival work, this presentation aims to document the implementation and implications of this governing of bodies. 

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

Maxime Christophe is, since 2020, PhD Student at the CRIS, under the supervision of Ettore Recchi (Thesis Director).

Labour Market Protection and Family Policy in High-Income Countries.
Continuity and Change (1990-2020)

Federico Danilo Filetti
Sciences Po - CRIS & LIEPP

Thesis defense, Thursday 17 November 2022, 3pm, at Sciences Po, room K.011.

Jury: Rossella Ciccia, Associate Professor of Social Policy, University of Oxford (reviewer)
Emanuele Ferragina, Associate Professor of Sociology, Sciences Po (supervisor)
Olivier Giraud, Senior Researcher, CNRS-Cnam-Lise
Angela Greulich,Full Professor of Sociologie, Sciences Po
Martin Seeleib-Kaiser, Professor of Comparative Public Policy, University of Tübingen (reviewer)

This dissertation employs a mix-methods research design to investigate processes of welfare state change through the prism of labour market protection and family policy, the two social policy areas that underwent the most noticeable transformations over the last three decades (1990-2020).
This investigation builds on the insights developed in the regime varieties literature (i.e., Worlds of Welfare, Varieties of Capitalism and École de la Régulation) and the debate bridging regime varieties and accounts of welfare state change (i.e., Varieties of Liberalization).

Our measure of labour market protection and family policy makes it possible to overcome the increasingly unrealistic Average Production Worker assumption, simultaneously accounting for dimensions of protection related to both ‘old’ and ‘new’ social risks. Labour market protection and family policy continuity and change are analysed quantitatively by employing Principal Component Analysis and two multidimensional scores to gather a holistic perspective on policy similarities and differences across countries and over time, and on the relationships between institutional arrangements and labour market outcomes.
The historical process-tracing of labour market protection and family policy reforms in Italy and France complements this investigation, and helps to observe details on policy and welfare state change that are invisible to quantitative descriptive methods.

This work contributes to the literature in five ways, by:
 1) providing new typologies of labour market protection (Central/Northern European, Southern European and liberal) and family policy (social democratic, commodified and residual) varieties resulting from three decades of institutional change;
 2) developing a series of country-specific taxonomies of labour market protection (liberalization, dualization, flexibility, de-dualization and higher protection) and family policy (de-Scandinization, partial de-Scandinization, partial Scandinization and Scandinization) trajectories of change;
 3) showing that the path-dependency hypothesis developed in the welfare state change literature is partially rejected for labour market protection, while it mostly holds for family policy;
 4) specifying, through historical process-tracing, that the labour market and family policy trajectories of change identified in previous contributions and in the quantitative analysis do not capture the full spectrum of the changes occurring in Italy and France; and
 5) showing that trajectories of change can be dynamic – in other words, a country can move from one trajectory to another over-time.

Ettore Recchi, Alessandro Ferrara, Alejandra Rodriguez Sanchez, Emanuel Deutschmann, Lorenzo Gabrielli, Stefano Lacus, Luca Bastiani, Spyridon Spyratos and Michele Vespe

The impact of air travel on the precocity and severity of COVID-19 deaths
in sub-national areas across 45 countries

Scientific Reports 12, 16522 (2022) [open access]

Airports: gateways to Covid-19?

Human travel fed the worldwide spread of COVID-19, but it remains unclear whether the volume of incoming air passengers and the centrality of airports in the global airline network made some regions more vulnerable to earlier and higher mortality.
We assess whether the precocity and severity of COVID-19 deaths were contingent on these measures of air travel intensity, adjusting for differences in local non-pharmaceutical interventions and pre-pandemic structural characteristics of 502 sub-national areas on five continents in April–October 2020.

Our ordinary least squares (OLS) models of precocity (i.e., the timing of the 1st and 10th death outbreaks) reveal that neither airport centrality nor the volume of incoming passengers are impactful once we consider pre-pandemic demographic characteristics of the areas.

We assess severity (i.e., the weekly death incidence of COVID-19) through the estimation of a generalized linear mixed model, employing a negative binomial link function.

Variable effects over time

Results suggest that COVID-19 death incidence was insensitive to airport centrality, with no substantial changes over time. Higher air passenger volume tends to coincide with more COVID-19 deaths, but this relation weakened as the pandemic proceeded.
Different models prove that either the lack of airports in a region or total travel bans did reduce mortality significantly.

We conclude that COVID-19 importation through air travel followed a ‘travel as spark’ principle, whereby the absence of air travel reduced epidemic risk drastically. However, once some travel occurred, its impact on the severity of the pandemic was only in part associated with the number of incoming passengers, and not at all with the position of airports in the global network of airline connections.

Figure 3 - The impact of air passenger traffic on the severity of COVID-19 deaths (number of deaths in the first week of April–October 2020), controlling for population mixing (NPI), structural predispositions and recursive effects. Negative binomial regressions with continent fixed effects. Risk ratios and confidence intervals.

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, October 28th 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, Place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room K031

Are mixed ability classes bad for school performance and educational choice?
Or for social and ethnic inequality?

Jan O. Jonsson (Professor, Nuffield College, Oxford university)
Joan E. Madia (DPhil student, Nuffield College, Oxford university)

A longstanding question in the organisation of education has been how to handle pupil groups with differing ability. At the centre of this political discussion and academic theorizing is the question of teaching and learning in ability-homogenous groups. Previous research has suggested that tracking or ability grouping, attempting to make the pupil body homogeneous, does not improve learning on average, in some instances ability grouping leads to increasing inequality. However, lack of suitable data and methodological difficulties have made results inconclusive.

We contribute to the literature with a comparative study between the English school system (with institutionalized ability grouping) and Sweden (with occasional use). We study the effect of (a) homogeneity in ability in instructional groups on grade point averages (GPA), (b) the effect of ability grouping within subjects on grades in these subjects, and we extend our analyses to include educational choice of upper secondary education.
We use the harmonised CILS4EU data (around 9,000 pupils, 200 schools and 400 classrooms), containing rich information on students' ability at individual, class and school levels. We fit school fixed effects and selection models to reduce risks of selection into schools and ability groups.

We find little evidence for any efficiency gain in homogeneous instruction groups or ability grouping, but also little evidence that such grouping has any effects on inequality between students of different socioeconomic or immigrant background. In addition, we find few differences between England and Sweden.

Registration is mandatory. Thank you.

Jan O Jonsson's homepage: https://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/jan-o-jonsson/
Joan Madia's homepage: https://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/joan-madia/

Handicap, genre et emploi : regards croisés

Sciences Po, Mardi 8 novembre 2022
Accès gratuit, en présentiel ou en visioconférence par Zoom.
Traduction Vélotypie en ligne (Systemrisp) - Traduction LSF en salle (VIA).

Journée de restitution et d’échanges autour du projet de recherche participative « Handicap, genre et précarité professionnelle : parcours biographiques et réception de l’action publique », financé par la FIRAH, l’Agefiph, la Fondation MAAF Initiatives et Handicap, la Croix Rouge Française et mené à Sciences Po (CRIS-LIEPP) sous la direction d' Anne Revillard. Cette journée donnera lieu à des échanges autour du projet avec des chercheur.e.s, des personnes concernées et des acteurs publics et associatifs.

La recherche visait un double objectif : une meilleure connaissance des facteurs de précarisation professionnelle des femmes handicapées, et l’identification de pistes d’amélioration de l’action publique à partir de l’expertise expérientielle des personnes. Elle a été conçue en étroite relation avec six associations du secteur qui partagent un engagement commun en faveur de l’emploi des personnes handicapées, tout en ayant des formats et des spécialisations complémentaires : LADAPT, Agefiph, apiDV, APF-France handicap, Femmes pour le Dire Femmes pour Agir (FDFA), Fibromyalgie France.
Pour plus de renseignements, consultez la page du projet.

Programme

9h20 - Mots d’accueil par Cécile Vallée (Chargée de développement, FIRAH) et Véronique Bustreel (Directrice de l'innovation, de l’évaluation et de la stratégie de l’Agefiph)

9h30 - Handicap, genre et précarité professionnelle : une recherche participative et appliquée
Cette session revient sur la démarche participative du projet. Les associations partenaires ont été impliquées à toutes les étapes du projet, de la conception au questionnement à la diffusion des résultats, selon un triple rôle : expertise, relai, et opérationnalisation des savoirs. La recherche a ainsi vocation à produire des savoirs utiles pour la pratique.  

 - Présentation du cadre scientifique du projet par Anne Revillard (Professeure associée en sociologie, Sciences Po - CRIS et LIEPP) [support, pdf 183 Ko]
 - Retours d'expériences des associations sur leur participation au projet, par Carole Saleres (APF - France handicap)
 - Résultats et valorisation, par Mathéa Boudinet (Doctorante en sociologie, Sciences Po, CRIS-LIEPP)
 - Dimension appliquée du projet, par Véronique Bustreel (Agefiph)

10h30 - Handicap, genre et travail : quelles données ?
Cette session revient sur les données qualitatives et quantitatives disponibles ou à produire pour investiguer l'articulation entre handicap genre et travail. Animation : Célia Bouchet (Mission pour la place des femmes, CNRS, CRIS)

- Les données disponibles et manquantes, par Arnaud Lenoir (Agefiph)
- Présentation de l'ouvrage « Portraits de travailleuses handicapées », par Anne Revillard et Mathéa Boudinet (CRIS-LIEPP)

11h30 - Handicap, genre et accès à l’emploi
Quelles sont les difficultés d'accès à l'emploi des personnes handicapées et notamment des femmes ? Cette session croise les points de vue des chercheuses, d'une spécialiste de l'accompagnement vers l'emploi et de femmes directement concernées. Animation : François Martinez (Agefiph) 

- Handicap et division du travail au sein des couples, par Célia Bouchet (Postdoctorante en sociologie, Mission pour la place des femmes, CNRS, associée CRIS) [support, pdf 520 Ko]
- Discrimination dans l'accès à l'emploi en raison du handicap, par Naomie Mahmoudi (Postdoctorante au CNAM, chercheuse affiliée au laboratoire de recherche ERUDITE) [support, pdf 722 Ko]
- Accompagner vers l’emploi, par Déguène Alix (APF - France handicap)
- Témoignages de créatrices d’entreprise, avec Giulia Riccioni et Sandra Tournadre

13h – 14h30 – Pause déjeuner

14h30 - Handicap et genre au travail
Comment se joue l'articulation entre handicap et genre dans les expériences au travail ? Une fois en emploi, à quels obstacles les femmes handicapées doivent-elles faire face ? Quels sont les dispositifs publics et les pratiques des entreprises pour favoriser leur accompagnement ? Comment les faire évoluer ?  Animation : Charles Myara (LADAPT)

- Qui trouble l'ordre de l'entreprise ? La figure du travailleur idéal au croisement entre genre et handicap, par Mathéa Boudinet (Doctorante en sociologie, Sciences Po - CRIS et LIEPP)
- Barrières systémiques à l’insertion professionnelle : entre handicap, genre et culture, par Audrey Dupont (Postdoctorante Université de Montréal/CHU Ste-Justine - Université du Québec à Rimouski) [support, pdf 400 Ko]
- Témoignages de femmes en entreprise, avec Margaux Gambier (MSA)
 
16h15 – Handicap, genre et politiques de l’emploi
Cette session ouvre un débat sur les recommandations issues de cette recherche participative et des autres travaux présentés au cours de la journée : comment améliorer l'accompagnement des femmes handicapées vers et dans l'emploi ?  Animation : Anne Revillard
 
 - Quelles recommandations à l'issue de cette recherche, par Mathéa Boudinet (Doctorante en sociologie, Sciences Po - CRIS et LIEPP)
 - Présentation de l’action de FDFA en matière d’emploi, et apports de cette recherche pour la réflexion et l’action associatives, par Claire Desaint (Vice-présidente de Femmes pour le Dire Femmes pour Agir, FDFA) [support, pdf 218 Ko]

• Quelques images de la journée (réalisation Thomas Arrivé, Sciences Po)
• Compte-rendu de la journée (Camille Chaudron) [pdf, 283 ko]
  
  

L'ouvrage coordonné par Mathéa Boudinet et Anne Revillard est publié aux Éditions science et bien commun.
Accès à la version en ligne (libre consultation) en suivant ce lien.

Gaëlle Larrieu, doctorante au CRIS soutiendra sa thèse de doctorat le jeudi 13 octobre 2022 à 14h à Sciences Po.

Entre leurs enfants et les médecins : les expériences parentales des variations du développement sexuel

Composition du jury : Nathalie BAJOS (EHESS - IRIS), Janik BASTIEN‑CHARLEBOIS (UQAM), Marta DOMINGUEZ FOLGUERAS (Directrice de recherche, Sciences Po - CRIS), Wilfried RAULT (INED), Anne REVILLARD (Sciences Po - CRIS et LIEPP), Isabelle VILLE (EHESS - CEMS).

La prise en charge médicale des variations du développement sexuel, aussi nommées intersexuation, est l’objet de débat depuis une vingtaine d’années dans le monde, et plus récemment en France.
Partant du constat que la prise en charge est centrée sur la période de l’enfance, cette thèse propose d’analyser les expériences parentales contemporaines des variations du développement sexuel en France.
Son objectif est de saisir et caractériser la place singulière et intermédiaire qu’occupent les parents entre leurs enfants et les médecins. Pour cela, la thèse s’appuie sur des matériaux qualitatifs : des entretiens biographiques avec 54 parents d’enfants présentant une variation du développement sexuel, des entretiens informatifs menés auprès d’autres acteurs ainsi que l’exploitation de sources écrites.
Le parcours des parents est retracé selon une approche chronologique en partant de l’annonce d’un diagnostic médical en allant jusqu’aux implications de cette découverte au sein du foyer et dans les relations familiales.
Au croisement des études sur l’intersexuation et de la sociologie de la famille, cette thèse permet d’enrichir ces deux champs de recherche ainsi que la sociologie du genre et de la médecine.

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, September 30th 2022, 11:45 am
Sciences Po (1, Place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin) - Room A201 + Zoom

Left Behind Whom? Economic Status Loss and Populist Radical Right Voting

Giuseppe Ciccolini

PhD Student, European University Institute
Consultant for the OECD, Adjunct Professor at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

Citizens’ resentment at losing out to the rest of society is commonly thought to be the foundation of the demand for the populist radical right (PRR).
Yet whether PRR voters are objectively disadvantaged remains disputed, which raises doubts regarding the alleged economic basis behind PRR support.
Relying on European Social Survey (ESS) individual-level data from 23 elections across Western Europe, I demonstrate that the PRR polls better among social classes facing economic status loss. To do so, I leverage income data from Eurostat and develop a novel positional measure of income.
This approach allows me to gauge (objective) economic status decline as distinct from worsening financial circumstances. The pre-eminence of the former over the latter as regards PRR voting is further corroborated by evidence on cultural stances and redistributive preferences.
My study confirms the complementarity of cultural- and economic-based explanations of PRR voting and reveals one electoral consequence of rising economic inequalities.

Registration is mandatory. Thanks!

To find out more on Giuseppe Ciccolini

CRIS Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, September 16th 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, Place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin), room K008

Is there a "white upper class" privilege in educational achievement in France?
Insights from an intersectional empirical design

Philippe Coulangeon

Directeur de recherche CNRS, Sciences Po - CRIS

This presentation applies the intersectional analytical framework to the analysis of the impact of class, gender, and origin on educational outcomes in contemporary France, relying on data from the 2007 panel of the Ministry of national education matched with those of the first waves of the ongoing EVA (Entrée dans la vie active) survey of the INSEE. This longitudinal data set tracks the educational trajectories of young French people from the time they enter junior high school (classe de 6ème), around age 11, until age 25.

The intersectional approach of the intertwining effect of these variables is operationalized through the Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) originally developed in social epidemiology (Merlo, 2018, Evans et al., 2018; Green, et al., 2017). This approach relies on the definition of strata based on the intersection of four variables: gender, class, origin, and cognitive abilities measured at 11. It differs from the usual approach by the interaction terms between these variables in that it allows the identification of specific combinations in which these effects interact more particularly, even in the presence of limited general interaction effects.

The most salient result relates to French native students of upper-class origin with low cognitive level at age 11 who, even when controlled for the additive effects of these characteristics, display a higher probability to reach an upper tertiary diploma than non-native students from lower social background but higher cognitive abilities measured at 11. On the other hand, non-native students from lower social backgrounds and low-cognitive abilities do not experience a specific “intersectional” penalty. This result suggests a kind of “white upper-class privilege” that may be partially interpreted in terms of compensatory advantage (Bernardi, 2014; Bernardi and Triventi, 2020).

Registration is mandatory. Thanks!

OSC Scientific Seminar 2022-2023

Friday, September 9th 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po (1, Place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin), room K011

Inequalities, intersectionality and vulnerability to climate change impacts

Samuel Rufat

Maître de conférence - CY Cergy Paris University & Institut Universitaire de France

Social vulnerability is a measure of the sensitivity of a population to climate change impacts and its ability to respond to and recover from the impacts of environmental hazards. It is considered to mirror the geographies of inequality. As public agencies are increasingly seeking tools to understand inequity in exposure and decide distribution of prevention funds, aggregated indicators of vulnerability are being considered as equity measures. However, such indices rely on single-axis frameworks with the underlying assumptions that a deficit in one dimension of vulnerability can be offset (or compensated) by a surplus in another. More recently, the intersectionality perspective has been gaining traction to offer a more nuanced mapping of vulnerability and thereby overcome binary categorizations of vulnerable groups.

Registration is mandatory. Thanks!

Homepage (CY Université)

Bringing underprivileged middle-school students to the opera: cultural mobility or cultural compliance?

Philippe Coulangeon & Denis Fougère

British Journal of Sociology of Education

First published: 12 August 2022 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2022.2109593

This article assesses the impact of a two-year long project-based learning program conducted by the National Opera of Paris in a large number of middle schools located in underprivileged areas, aiming at preventing school dropout and tackling educational inequalities by providing disadvantaged students with the opportunity to discover the world of opera. This program is not exclusively concerned with democratizing access to the opera. Rather, it focuses on improving students’ self-confidence, motivation and school involvement.

Taking a counterfactual statistical approach (propensity score matching), we measure the impact of participation in the program on final exam and continuous assessment grades.
The analysis displays mixed results: a significant and positive impact for the students who participate in the program for its whole duration (two years), at least for continuous assessment scores, but a negative impact for those who leave the program after only one year.

The contrast between the effects of full and partial participation in the program suggests that these may be primarily due to a selection effect in favor of the most culturally and socially compliant students, in line with Bourdieu’s and Passeron’s reproduction theory rather than a mobility effect resulting from the transfer of cultural capital to disadvantaged students.

Failure at school has often been attributed to the cultural gap that may exist between the resources students inherit from their families and school culture. In this paper, we focus on two strategies aimed at reducing this cultural gap: arts and culture education, and project-based learning. Arts education includes all didactic action directed towards the dissemination of artistic and cultural knowledge. Project-based learning refers to a didactic approach based on interdisciplinary and collaborative educational activities. Advocates of this approach assume that it has a propensity to reduce the distance between students with working-class backgrounds and the school environment, as it involves real, practical objects. Project-based learning may interact with arts education to the extent that this pedagogical orientation often entails the production of artifacts such as creative writing, visual art, drawings, videos, photography, and on-stage performances.

In order to assess the impact of the National Opera of Paris' program on participating students’ educational achievements, we interpret the underlying mechanism of this impact in relation with the cultural capital theory. We show that the socially redistributive impact of the program is questionable depending on whether the program help students from disadvantaged background to compensate for their lack of cultural resources or favor their ability to conform to the middle-class cultural norms and repertoires.

We start this paper by linking the issues raised by the evaluation of the impact of this program with the broader question of the role of cultural capital in educational inequalities. Second, we review the existing literature on arts education and project-based learning. We then describe in more detail the program implemented at the National Opera of Paris since 1991. We finally present our data, our methods, our hypotheses and our results, followed by a discussion on their implications and significance.

The more it changes the more it stays the same: The French social space of material consumption between 1985 and 2017

Maël Ginsburger

The British Journal of Sociology, First published: 19 July 2022 - Open Access paper
(https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12970)

The alleged homogenization of material consumption patterns in Western societies in the end of the twentieth century has been a central argument of scholars who predicted a general flattening of class inequalities. However, divisions in material consumption practices and their evolution have largely been neglected in studies of the social stratification of lifestyles.

Drawing on six waves of the French Households Budget Surveys (INSEE) from 1985 to 2017 and Geometric Data Analysis, this article shows that the two main structuring oppositions in the French space of material consumption remained unchanged over 32 years.
A total of 28 categorical variables were computed, referring to consumption practices, habits and material possessions in five different areas: food consumption and supply; electric and electronic devices; home energy consumption; clothing; and transportation.

Two divides are strongly but not exclusively associated with social class.
 - The first persistently opposes integration with and exclusion from mass consumption.
 - The second opposes connected and autonomous consumption styles.
However, between 1989 and 2011, the practices associated with these divides have changed and households have experienced a major shift in their position toward the most integrated and connected poles.

The divide between connected and autonomous consumption styles reflects a strong opposition in terms of professions (between managers and farmers/industrial workers), but also in terms of cultural capital.

This study paves the way for comparisons to assess the permanence of those two polarities in material consumption—not only across periods, but also in different countries.

These job talks follow the Full Professor position published in March 2022 (Professeur des Universités).

Venue: Sciences Po, 1 place Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin, 75007 Paris, Room B-103.

Date: Tuesday, July 12th 2022

Schedule:

• 10:00 am - Lidia Panico, Chargée de recherche, INED
  How birth health matters for subsquent child inequalities

• 11:15 am - Merlin Schaeffer, Associate Professor, University of Copenhagen
  Do Right-Wing Governors Promote Informal Healthcare Chauvinism? Ethnic Discrimination in Access to Basic Healthcare in Italy

The time is shared between presentation (40 min.) and Q&A (20 min.).

Registration is mandatory !

Sciences Po is recruiting an Associate / Full Professor at the OSC - Observatoire Sociologique du Changement. Position starting on October 1st, 2022.

This professorship position is designed to reinforce and complement our expertise in the study of environmental inequality. We welcome applications from candidates with an excellent publication record in leading social science journals capable of stimulating new expertise on environmental inequality within Sciences Po.
We particularly value candidates with an ambitious research agenda on global economic and environmental inequality using large-scale worldwide data.

This position is for a senior scholar (Rang A) and only candidates with an Habilitation or with a current position at least equivalent to associate professor are eligible.

The successful candidate will fully become a member of the Observatoire sociologique du changement. He.She is expected to play an active role in OSC’s collective activity: seminars, academic events, participation in research networks. He.She should also engage in responding to national and international calls to fund research projects. He.She is also supposed to supervise master and PhD students. The selected candidate will also be welcome to participate to AIRE, the Sciences Po Interdisciplinary Research Program on the Environment.

The successful candidate will teach a class on environmental approaches in the social sciences (undergraduate level) and may also teach on global and environmental inequality (graduate level).
Teaching load: 3 courses with 24 contact hours each per year, 56 hours per year of other academic duties.

Applications are due by [Extended deadline] July 10th.

Submissions must include:
● CV with a list of publications
● Motivation letter
● Research Statement (2 pages)
● Short Teaching statement (1 page)
● 2 significant publications chosen by the candidate
● The name of two academic referees

Please read the full Job description and the complete requirements (pdf, 172 ko).
Contact:  Carlo Barone carlo.barone@sciencespo.fr, Chair of the recruitment committee
or Administrative contact Marie Ferrazzini marie.ferrazzini@sciencespo.fr, Secrétaire générale de l’OSC.

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 10th June 2022, 11:30 am
OSC meeting room (1, Place Saint-Thomas)

From Diversity to Mixing?
Socioeconomic Homophily in French Desegregated Middle Schools

Timothée Chabot

PhD European University Institute, Post-doc INED (ELVIS Project)

À quel point l’origine sociale des élèves de collège structure-t-elle leurs relations les uns avec les autres ? Pour répondre à cette question, une cohorte d’environ 800 collégien·nes français·es a été suivie pendant trois ans, dans quatre établissements socialement mixtes. L’analyse de leurs réseaux de relations, notamment via les méthodes de la statistique de réseaux, permet de mieux comprendre les causes de l’homophilie sociale entre élèves, c’est-à-dire de la tendance à la ségrégation sociale des amitiés.

Socioeconomic mixing at school is often considered to be a desirable objective, as it would reduce academic inequalities and help pacify inter-group relations.
Does spatial diversity imply relational mixing, or do students keep interacting with socioeconomically similar peers even in formally desegregated contexts? This raises the question of homophily, the principle by which relationships occur at a higher rate among similar individuals.
I study socioeconomic homophily among a cohort of 800 middle school students in four schools in France, followed during three years.
Based on the statistical analysis of students’ friendship networks and on qualitative interviews, I examine the magnitude of this homophily, and try to disentangle the relational processes through which it emerges.

Registration is mandatory. Thanks! 

Who took care of what?
The gender division of unpaid work during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in France

Marta Pasqualini, Marta Dominguez-Folgueras, Emanuele Ferragina
Olivier Godechot, Ettore Recchi, Mirna Safi

Demographic Research, vol. 46, art. 34, p. 1007-1036
24 May 2022, doi 10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.34
This paper is available in open access

France was one of the first countries implementing lockdown measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Since families spent more time at home, household and care workloads increased significantly. However, existing findings are mixed in terms of whether this situation contributed to a more gender-egalitarian division of unpaid work.

This paper explores the division of domestic work within couples across two different COVID-19 lockdowns and compares them to the out-of-lockdown period in France. We use the theoretical lenses of time availability, relative resources, and ‘doing gender’ to make sense of these changes.

The longitudinal analyses rely on an original panel study we collected in France between April 2020 and April 2021.We employ the different types of restrictions to mobility and social life imposed during the first year of the pandemic as a contextual background, within which we measure the main drivers of change in the division of unpaid work within couples. We use individual fixed effect regression models to estimate changes in men’s share of unpaid work by time, changes in work conditions, partners’ educational gaps, and types of domestic tasks.

Another data and analysis are available within the CoCo Project (Coping with Covid-19: Social distancing, cohesion and inequality in 2020 France) - Data produced by the CDSP via the ELIPSS Panel (8 waves) are described in the Sciences Po data repository: https://data.sciencespo.fr/dataverse/elipss 

The Subjective Cost of Young Children: A European Comparison

Sonja Spitzer, Angela Greulich, Bernhard Hammer

Social Indicators Research, First Published 15 May 2022

Paper in open access via Springer Link - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02942-5

The researchers have investigated how the birth of a child affects the objective and subjective economic situation of young parents in Europe. They mobilize longitudinal data from the European Union’s Statistics of Income and Living Conditions, covering the time period 2004 to 2019 for 30 European countries.

Does the work and income situation for young parents differ between European countries?
They study the career break: is it and to what extend primarily reserved for mothers?
Is it the case in every European country that parental leave massively harms women in their working life, while fathers have no losses?

Results show that newborns decrease subjective economic well-being in all regions, yet with economies of scale for the number of children. The substantial labour income losses of mothers explain only a small part of subjective child costs. The initial drop in subjective economic well-being observed shortly after childbirth is caused by increased expenses due to the birth of a child and other drivers such as stress.

The study finds that everywhere in Europe, mothers take longer breaks from work than fathers – particularly in the German-speaking countries.

The authors observe that despite a decline in labor market income for mothers after childbirth, the household income of many couples remains relatively constant across all regions in the short term. This is, firstly, because – on average – a lot is offset by public subsidies, such as lump-sum benefits and leave payments. Secondly, the labor incomes of many fathers are observed to increase slightly after the birth of a child in many European countries regions.

LIEPP' Discriminations and category-based policies and OSC are glad to invite you to the seminar: 

Do Audit Experiments Reflect Applicant Behavior? Cautions for Calculations of Probabilities of Success

May 20th, 11:30 am - 1:00 pm

Location: Room K008, 1 place Saint Thomas d'Aquin, Paris

Mandatory registration here

Speaker: Mike Vuolo, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at The Ohio State University and Editor-in-Chief of Sociological Methodology, the official methods journal of the American Sociological Association. His research interests include law, crime, and deviance; health; employment; substance use; the life course; and statistics and methodology.

Abstract: Audit and correspondence studies have flourished in sociology and related disciplines. By sending actual applications that differ only by particular treatments, this method allows researchers to tap into discrimination by decision-makers such as employers, landlords, and schools that surveys and qualitative interviews are unlikely to reveal, with the strong internal validity of an experiment. However, the applicant is assumed to apply to all available openings for which they are qualified, and the probability of success represents an estimate at the unit level rather than that of the applicant.
This presentation uses two studies in progress to consider these two assumptions.
First, I present the results of an experiment and qualitative interviews with individuals with criminal records regarding whether they apply for jobs based on inquiries regarding records appearing on job applications. We find that when applications have criminal record questions or warnings of a criminal background check, applicants are less likely to apply for a position and that the reasoning behind such self-selection differs by race and gender. In other words, applicants do not apply to all positions as audits typically assume.
Second, I demonstrate via the binomial distribution that unit-level probabilities do not accurately reflect real world applicant chance of success. For most studies of the labor market, they underrepresent the effects of discrimination and do not consider the degree of choice in jobs that applicants of differing treatments attain. For studies of other units such as housing and schools, the unit-level probabilities that note discrimination are of relatively little consequence for real-world applicants. Both studies necessitate a new focus on applicants within audit experiments, with a consideration of both self-selection into applying and applicant-level probabilities of success.

Filières du baccalauréat et emploi à la fin des études : contribution des parcours scolaires et analyse des écarts entre femmes et hommes

Estelle Herbaut, Carlo Barone et Louis-André Vallet

Economie et Statistique, n° 530-31, 2022, p 65-86.

Cet article est librement consultable en ligne sur le site de l'INSEE. [English version is also available]

Quelles sont les conséquences de la filière suivie au lycée sur l’insertion professionnelle des bacheliers ?
Les auteurs exploitent un panel de 17000 élèves du second degré entrés en sixième en 1995 et une enquête sur le début de la carrière professionnelle, marquant l’entrée dans la vie adulte, menée entre 2005 et 2012. Ils analysent et mettent en lien les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de chaque élève, le choix d'orientation, la performance scolaire, le diplôme obtenu, la date du premier emploi, sa catégorie professionnelle, le salaire...

La méthodologie et la richesse des données permet de prendre en compte la diversité des étudiants dans chaque filière et de suivre des trajectoires, y compris lorsque la scolarité est interrompue.

Les résultats soulignent l’importance de prendre en compte toutes les caractéristiques des élèves avant l’orientation. Il existe une dynamique complexe entre les compétences scolaires et les niveaux de diplômes qui tend à masquer en partie les inégalités professionnelles entre femmes et hommes en début de carrière, tandis que la filière du baccalauréat tend à les expliquer.

La première partie de l'article propose une revue de littérature sur le lien entre filières de baccalauréat et insertion professionnelle, via les mécanismes et choix d'orientation.   

LIEPP's Educational Policies research group and OSC are glad to invite you to the seminar: 

Firms and the Intergenerational Transmission of Labor Market Advantage

Friday April 15th, 11h30-13h00 (CET)
Location: Room K008, Sciences Po, 1 place Saint Thomas d'Aquin, 75007
Mandatory registration 

During this seminar, Per Engzell (Research Fellow in Sociology, postdoctoral Researcher in the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford and visiting professor at LIEPP from March to April 2022) will present his recent paper with Nathan Wilmers (MIT Sloan).

 To find out more:  http://perengzell.com/ - https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/mv3e9/ (Paper)

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 8th April 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po, 1 St-Thomas, Room A201 & Online via Zoom

A feel for the game?
A contribution to the analysis of social stratification through higher education

Yann Renisio & Emil Bertilsson

 Associate Scientist, CNRS, Sciences Po - OSC & Senior Lecturer, Uppsala University   

Higher education plays a major role in the social stratification of contemporary western societies. Studies of this influence, generally compare properties of upper secondary graduates who enter higher education with those who do not enter (binary stratification), or, among those who enter, between short term vs long term programs (vertical stratification) or, among those who enter programs with the same duration, between the fields of these programs (horizontal stratification).

We propose three improvements in this research design, using Swedish register-data. First, we recalculate the actual space of reachable programs for all upper-secondary graduates, meaning that we can predict with very high accuracy which programs a given individual could have, or could have not, entered into if she had applied to them. Second, we construct a continuous characterization of programs based on a synthetic measure of their social outcomes (conjunction of average level of study, median income, and rate of upper-class occupations among accepted students to these programs, 10 years after their entrance).

By doing so, rather than relying only on the level and field of programs, we get a better approximation of the relation between higher education stratification and social stratification.

Finally, we decompose the process of entering a program in higher education as a succession of constrained practices, that is, first, the possibility to enter higher education, second, the practice of applying to higher education given the objective chances of success, third, the fact that these applications are oriented towards at least one reachable program, fourth, the fact of registering to this program once accepted to it, and finally, the relative position of this program in terms of outcomes, compared with all the other reachable programs.

We focus on the respective and cumulative influence of gender and level of education of parents on each of these steps.

Registration is mandatory. Thanks! (Zoom users: the link for the videoconference will be sent one day before)

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 1st April 2022, 11:30 am
Sciences Po, 1 St-Thomas, Room K008

Downward mobility and radical right gender gap vote

Alexis Baudour

 PhD Student, Sciences Po - MaxPo/OSC

This talk explores the link between inter-generational status decline and right-wing populist vote. We found a strong association between subjective status decline and populist vote for men but not for women.
We consider three hypotheses to explain this disparity.
 First, status anxiety and feeling to not get their ”fair share” for men would be associated with bitterness against women and minorities.
 Second, downward mobile women would be more feminist and therefore less likely to support right-wing populism. 
 Lastly, downward mobile men have a higher perception of external locus of control, and this would impact their political inclinations. Our data supports only this last hypothesis.
These results shed some light on the puzzle of the gender gap vote.

Registration is mandatory 

To find out more:

See the webpage of Alexis Baudour http://www.maxpo.eu/center-staff-doctoralfellow-baudour.asp

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 18th March 2022, 11:30 am
Room K008 (1 St Thomas) and Online via Zoom

Partisan proximity and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19

Jeremy K. Ward & Sébastien Cortaredona

INSERM, CERMES 3 - IRD, Vitrome

For the past five years, increasing attention has been devoted to the relationship between political identities and attitudes to science and scientific issues. Vaccination has been one of the most studied cases. In the USA, most studies have found signitficant differences between Republicans and Democrats, the former being much more vaccine hesitant than the latter. In this litterature dominated by social and cognitive psychologists, the main explanation of these differences draws on the concepts of partisan cue and motivated reasoning.

Here, we will show the merits and limits of this form of explanation by analysing the political differences in intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in France. We do so by drawing on a dataset of 34 crossectional online surveys conducted between march 2020 and june 2021 among representative samples of the French adult population (n=38 416).

Registration is mandatory (for Zoom users, the link for the videoconference will be sent one day before)

To find out more:
- Aurélie Bosquet et al., « L’hésitation vaccinale en France. Prévalence et variation selon le statut socio-économique des parents », Med Sci, vol. 36, n° 5, p. 461-464, 2020.
- Jeremy K. Ward et al., "The French public's attitudes to a future COVID-19 vaccine: The politicization of a public health issue", Soc Sci Med, 265:113414, 2020.
- Florian Cafiero, Paul Guille-Escuret, Jeremy K. Ward, “'I’m not an antivaxxer, but…': Spurious and authentic diversity among vaccine critical activists", Social Networks, 65, 2020.
- The Coconel Group, "A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation", The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 20, n° 7, p. 769-770, July 2020.

Family demographic processes and in-work poverty: A systematic review

Antonino Polizzia, Emanuela Struffolino, Zachary Van Winkle

Advances in Life Course Research, vol. 52, June 2022, 100462
Paper available on ScienceDirect portal
Paper also available in Preprint version (SocArXiv)

The presence of working poor individuals – employed individuals who live in households with incomes below the poverty threshold – represents a worrisome phenomenon in advanced democracies that can engender social exclusion.  Individuals in in-work poverty constitute a sizeable group in rich countries, with the share of employed people at risk of poverty in the EU approaching 10% before the COVID-19 pandemic.

A comprehensive and critical review on how family demographic processes shape in-work poverty risks is still missing.
In this systematic review, made with 84 analyses extracted from 30 studies, we first provide a quantitative review of results from analyses that estimated the association between in-work poverty and parental home leaving, union formation, marriage, parenthood, and dissolution of non-marital and marital unions. This allows us to formulate tentative conclusions about whether and in which direction family demographic processes are associated with in-work poverty. Second, we discuss in detail conceptual and methodological advances in in-work poverty research, such as longitudinal analytical designs or attempts to make in-work poverty research more sensitive to policy context, gender, and the life course. Our review highlights theoretical and methodological challenges for future studies linking in-work poverty and family demography.

Some findings: Roughly 80 percent of analyses reported the risk of in-work poverty increased with children. 60 percent of analyses indicated that being in a union decreased this risk. The majority of the few studies considering union dissolution indicated that it increased the in-work poverty risk.

Fig.2 - Total number of analyses selected for the quantitative review by family demographic process: direction and significance of associations

Sciences Po recrute un.e Professeur.e des universités en sociologie (section 19 du CNU), à plein temps, qui sera affilié.e à l’Observatoire sociologique du changement (OSC) et au Département de sociologie. Prise de fonction le 1er janvier 2023.

Nous apprécierons les candidatures présentant un excellent dossier de publications dans les revues centrales de la sociologie et un programme de recherche ambitieux dans le domaine de la stratification sociale, indépendamment de leur expertise méthodologique. Nous accorderons une importance particulière aux candidat.e.s capables de stimuler de nouveaux domaines de recherche à l’OSC sur les inégalités de santé.

La personne recrutée conduira son programme de recherche à l’OSC. Elle participera activement aux activités collectives du centre, aux réseaux de recherche et répondra à des appels nationaux ou internationaux pour obtenir des financements.

La personne recrutée enseignera - en français ou en anglais - aux élèves du premier cycle de Sciences Po (Collège universitaire à Paris et dans les campus en région) et participera à la formation et à la supervision des élèves du programme de sociologie (master et doctorat).

La procédure de recrutement implique un dépôt de candidature sur le portail Galaxie du Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation jusqu'au 29 avril 2022 à 16h (référence du poste : 4128).

• Consultez le profil du poste et la procédure pour y répondre (français, pdf, 375 ko)
• See the job description and the recruitment procedure (English, pdf, 180 ko)

Sciences Po is recruiting an associate or full professor of Sociology at the OSC - Observatoire Sociologique du Changement. Position starting on January 1st, 2023.

We welcome applications from candidates with an excellent publication record in leading journals of sociology and with an ambitious research agenda in the area of social stratification regardless of their methodological expertise. We particularly value applicants capable of stimulating new research areas on health inequality at OSC.

The successful candidate will become a full member of the Observatoire sociologique du changement (OSC). He / She is expected to play an active role in OSC’s collective activities and research networks. He / She will respond to national and international calls to fund research projects.

The successful candidate will teach - in English or French - in Sciences Po’s undergraduate and graduate programs (Collège universitaire in Paris and in other campuses), and will contribute to training and supervision in the graduate program in sociology (Master’s and PhD).

Applicants must complete their application on the "Galaxy" portal (French Ministry of Higher Education and Research) until the 29th of April, 4 pm (ref. 4128).

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Vendredi 25 février 2022, 11:30
Conférence en ligne via Zoom

Expliquer les inégalités de classe et de genre
dans la prise en charge des accidents vasculaires cérébraux

Muriel Darmon

Directrice de recherche CNRS
Centre Européen de Sociologie et de Science Politique (EHESS)

Discutantes : Émilie Grisez et Rébecca Lévy-Guillain (Sciences Po - OSC et INED)

À propos de son ouvrage « Réparer les cerveaux. Sociologie des pertes et des récupérations post-AVC », Éditions La Découverte, 2021. Cet ouvrage est aussi consultable en ligne sur Cairn. 

Les suites des AVC et notamment les récupérations de compétences ou d’habiletés perdues semblent marquées par des inégalités de classe et de genre importantes, et ce même à gravité de la lésion ou type de prise en charge comparables.
Mon intervention présentera quelques explications qui peuvent en être données à partir d’une approche sociologique. J’examinerai notamment les valeurs socialement attribuées aux pertes et aux récupérations qui font suite à l’AVC, qui peuvent rendre compte des moins bonnes récupérations pour les femmes, ainsi que la « forme scolaire » de l’hôpital, qui permet de mettre en lumière l’existence de déterminismes sociaux de classe de la récupération neurologique.
Cette intervention visera également à montrer l’apport et la robustesse des approches qualitatives (et en particulier des ethnographies hospitalières) dans la recherche d’explications aux inégalités sociales de santé observées statistiquement.

Inscription obligatoire (le lien vers la conférence vous sera envoyé la veille)

Pour en savoir plus : Page au CESSP

Quand on demande à un neurologue si les séquelles d’un AVC sont les mêmes pour tout le monde, il peut répondre par exemple : "Tout dépend de la vitesse d’intervention (...) de l’état du cerveau (...) et de la qualité de la rééducation." Faire intervenir la sociologie consiste à se donner les moyens d’apporter encore d’autres réponses à cette même question, en soulignant que les séquelles, à gravité équivalente de la lésion, ne seront pas les mêmes si le patient est un homme ou une femme, un ouvrier ou un cadre supérieur, une personne dont les récupérations ont une grande ou une moindre valeur pour les professionnels, si la compétence perdue a une grande ou une moindre valeur pour le patient, si l’AVC a laissé intact chez lui un rapport aisé ou difficile aux modes scolaires d’apprentissage, et beaucoup d’autres éléments encore qui seront révélés au fil des chapitres de ce livre, qui cherche précisément à identifier les processus sociaux par lesquels les différences et inégalités dans les issues biologiques et neurologiques de l’AVC s’établissent. L’AVC et ses séquelles ne sont pas seulement une question de cerveau, ou plutôt, tout n’est pas neuronal dans le cerveau : ce qui s’y joue est déterminé, construit et reconstruit par les structures sociales qui lui sont extérieures.

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 18th February 2022, 11:30 am
Online conference via Zoom

Gendered contexts?
The effect of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation
on girls' and boys' cognitive and non-cognitive development

Laura Silva

PhD Student, Sciences Po
CREST Affiliated Member

Does socio-economic deprivation of adolescents' residential neighbourhoods affect their cognitive and non-cognitive development? Leveraging data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) in the UK, this study investigates this question focusing on gender differences.
By exploiting the quasi-exogenous social housing allocation procedures in the UK, I aim to limit issues related to the endogeneity of neighbourhood selection.

Results show that living in more deprived areas has overall a negative effect on cognitive and non-cognitive development. However, neighbourhood deprivation negatively affects girls’, as compared to boys’, cognitive skills, academic motivation and employability skills, while no significant gender difference is detected for problem behaviour. On the one hand, these findings highlight the importance of taking gender into account in neighbourhood studies and, on the other hand, they suggest that the availability of support within the local area and the quality of institutions should be considered as relevant theoretical mechanisms to understand the role of neighbourhoods on different spheres of adolescents development.

Registration is mandatory (the link for the videoconference will be sent one day before)

To find out more: Profile Page (OSC)

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 4th February 2022, 11:30 am
Online conference via Zoom

What do fathers use their leave for?
Exploring the diversity of uses and non-uses of paternity leave in France

Alix Sponton

PhD Student, Sciences Po - OSC & INED

Between 2002 and 2021, French fathers could take up to 14 days of paid leave until the baby turns four month old. From the institutional perspective, the main aim of this public policy was to guarantee a more balanced division of childcare between parents. But from fathers’ point of view, what is the purpose of paternity leave? And how to understand that some eligible fathers make no use of it?

Based on longitudinal interviews with fathers before and after the birth, I adopt an approach of reception to explore the diverse uses and non-uses fathers can make of French paternity leave. The presentation gives particular attention to when and why fathers decided to use their leave (just after the birth to help their partner recovering, during a holiday period so they can visit family, etc.) Results highlight how paternity leave is articulated with alternative options available to fathers (for instance, informally “extended” by regular leave or “replaced” by a business interruption in the case of self-employed workers).

This presentation encourages to consider not only the leave take-up but also the myriad of usages that can be made of the same public policy. Better understanding what the leave can do to fathers thus necessitate to first look at what fathers do to the leave.

Registration is mandatory (the link for the videoconference will be sent one day before)

To find out more: Profile Page (OSC)

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 21st January 2022, 11:30 am
Online conference via Zoom

Immigrants' Descendants' Wages:
An overlooked dimension of Ethno-racial Inequalities in France

Mathieu Ichou

Tenured researcher at INED (the French Institute for Demographic Studies)
Co-head of the International Migrations and Minorities (MIM)

Research on the labor market situation of descendants of immigrants in France has highlighted the strong ethno-racial inequalities in access to employment at the expense of descendants of non-European immigrants. Yet, very few studies have focused specifically on ethno-racial gaps in wages and those that did have mostly concluded that these inequalities are negligible.

In this paper, write with Ugo Palheta, we revisit the analysis of ethno-racial wage inequalities in France. To do so, we compile 14 years of the French Labor Force Survey (from 2005 to 2018).

Our results contradict the dominant consensus: ethno-racial wage gaps appear to be strong, especially when urban and regional differences are taken into account, and the intersectional nature of these inequalities is analyzed.

Registration is mandatory (the link for the videoconference will be sent one day before)

To find out more: Profile Page - CV

Property, Custom, and Religion in Early Nineteenth-Century Bombay

Sukriti Issar

Analysis of a novel source of data about early nineteenth-century Bombay, with a novel methodology, makes an important contribution to debates about inter-religious contact in South Asia.

After the fire of 1803 in Bombay, landowners were asked to lease or sell their lands to people. Bombay’s register of sales deeds, which lists the names of buyers, sellers, and neighbors, also permits identification of their religious affiliations when supplemented with archival information about the bureaucratic practices affecting property transactions. Findings suggest that property transactions within religious groups comprised most of the sales (60 percent). Contemporary petitions show that residents sometimes appealed to the state to prevent the sale of property to people who did not share their religion.

Many diverse examples illustrate how religion and urban space intersected in early nineteenth-century colonial Bombay. Landowners attempted to control the religious composition of the groups that were renting their land or buying their neighbors’ land. Given the right of first refusal, and other instances of attempts to sell or rent property only to co-religionists, property transactions are ready terrain for analyzing inter-religious contact.

Bringing Underprivileged Middle-School Students to the Opera: Cultural Mobility or Cultural Compliance?

Philippe Coulangeon (CNRS Senior Researcher, Sciences Po - OSC) & Denis Fougère (CNRS Senior Researcher, Sciences Po - OSC & LIEPP)

IZA, Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series, n° 14910, december 2021, 32 p.

This article assesses the impact of a two-year long project-based learning program conducted by the National Opera of Paris in a large number of junior high-schools located in underprivileged areas, aiming at preventing school dropout and tackling educational inequalities by providing disadvantaged students with the opportunity to discover the world of opera.

Taking a counterfactual approach (propensity score matching), we measure the impact of participation in the program on final exam and continuous assessment grades.

The analysis displays mixed results: a significant and positive impact for the students who participate in the program for its whole duration (two years), at least for continuous assessment scores, but a negative impact for those who leave the program after only one year. The contrast between the effects of full and partial participation in the program suggests that these may be primarily due to a selection effect in favor of the most culturally and socially compliant students, in line with Bourdieu’s and Passeron’s reproduction theory (1997 [1970]) rather than a mobility effect (DiMaggio, 1982) resulting from the transfer of cultural capital to disadvantaged students.

Download here the working paper (pdf, 907 ko)

Handicap et destinées sociales

Une enquête par méthodes mixtes

Célia BOUCHET
Observatoire sociologique du changement (CNRS UMR 7049) et Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d’évaluation des politiques publiques

Soutenance de thèse à l'École de la recherche, Sciences Po, dans le cadre du Programme doctoral de sociologie, mardi 4 janvier 2022 (en ligne, via Zoom).

Thèse dirigée par Anne REVILLARD, Associate Professor, Sciences Po - OSC et LIEPP et Philippe COULANGEON, Directeur de recherche CNRS, Sciences Po - OSC.

Membres du jury :
Emmanuelle CAMBOIS, Directrice de recherche, INED
Philippe COULANGEON, Directeur de recherche CNRS, Sciences Po, OSC (codirecteur)
François DUBET, Professeur des universités émérite, Université de Bordeaux ; Directeur d’études, EHESS (rapporteur)
Serge EBERSOLD, Professeur des universités, CNAM (rapporteur)
Sophie MITRA, Professor, Fordham University
Anne REVILLARD, Associate Professor, Sciences Po (codirectrice)

Alors que, au reflet de préoccupations contemporaines, des travaux sociologiques se développent sur les inégalités « entre » groupes sociaux, les différences de parcours liées au handicap sont encore peu documentées. Cette thèse examine les différenciations verticales (inégalités) et horizontales (divisions sans hiérarchies) entre personnes valides et personnes ayant grandi avec des limitations durables vivant en ménage en France métropolitaine.
Nous combinons une exploitation de l’Enquête Emploi en Continu 2011 et de son module ad-hoc avec une analyse d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec 37 personnes, dont 20 ayant grandi avec une déficience visuelle et 17 ayant grandi avec des troubles cognitifs spécifiques.

Le handicap façonne les parcours des personnes interrogées à travers trois dynamiques : des assignations (perceptions et traitements par autrui), des auto-identifications (représentations et pratiques des personnes elles-mêmes) et des contraintes liées aux limitations durables (impératifs temporels,  restriction des possibles…). Ces dynamiques agissent aussi sur les représentations par les personnes de leurs positions, entre repérages de certaines dévalorisations quotidiennes et biais favorables dans l’auto-évaluation de leur réussite. Des approfondissements relatifs à la scolarité, à l’emploi et à la vie familiale nous apprennent que le handicap coconstruit avec l’origine sociale, le genre, la migration et la race des inégalités au détriment de plusieurs sous-populations handicapées : moindres niveaux d’études, freins à l’emploi et en emploi, obstacles à la conjugalité et à la parentalité… Des divisions horizontales singulières existent également entre personnes valides et personnes perçues par autrui ou s’auto-identifiant comme handicapées, comme des spécialisations scolaires et professionnelles et des appariements conjugaux atypiques.

While sociological research on inequalities "between" social groups is developing in response to contemporary concerns, disability-related differences in life courses are still poorly documented.
This thesis examines differentiations between able-bodied people and people who have grown up with long-term limitations living in households in metropolitan France, in their vertical (inequalities) and horizontal (divisions without hierarchies) components.
We combine an exploitation of the 2011 Continuous Employment Survey and its ad-hoc module with an analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 37 people, 20 of whom have grown up with a visual impairment and 17 of whom have grown up with specific learning disorders.

Disability shapes the paths of the interviewees through three dynamics: assignments (perceptions and treatments by others), self-identifications (representations and practices of the people themselves) and constraints linked to long-term limitations (time requirements, reduced scope of possibilities...). These dynamics also influence people's representations of their positions, from the identification of a number of daily devaluations to favorable biases in the self-evaluation of their success. Further  investigation on schooling, employment and family life teaches us that disability co-constructs inequalities with social origin, gender, migration and race, to the detriment  of several disabled sub-populations: lower levels of education, barriers to employment and in employment, restricted access to conjugality and parenthood... Specific horizontal divisions also exist between able-bodied people and people perceived by others or self-identifying as disabled, such as educational and occupational specializations and atypical conjugal pairings.

Pour des raisons de sécurité, les soutenances (Thèses & HDR) sont réservées aux personnes invitées et aux publics internes de Sciences Po.

POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS

Page de présentation de Célia Bouchet (Homepage)

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 17th December 2021, 11:30 am / 1 pm
Available on Zoom Videoconference

Teaching Introduction to Sociology

Frank van Tubergen

Full Professor of Sociology
Utrecht University & the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute

 

In this talk, I’ll present my textbook Introduction to Sociology (Routledge, 2020). I’ll give an overview of the aims, content, and pedagogical features of the book. I’ll present the companion website, which provides free teaching materials for ever chapter for both instructors and students. Furthermore, I’ll illustrate how to design the Intro to Sociology course using this textbook.   

Frank van Tubergen is full Professor of Sociology at Utrecht University and the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI). His research interests include immigration and integration, social networks, and religion. He co-coordinated the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study in Four European Countries (CILS4EU). Van Tubergen’s research has been published in journals such as American Sociological Review, European Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, and Demography. Van Tubergen is an elected fellow of the European Academy of Sociology. To find more about Frank van Tubergen

Registration is mandatory (Zoom users: the link will be sent one day before)

OSC Scientific Seminar 2021-2022

Friday 26th November 2021, 11:30 am / 1 pm
Annick Percheron room (Internal audience)

The temporal dimension of parental employment: Fixed-term contracts, non-standard work schedules and children’s education in Germany

Bastian Betthäuser

Assistant Professor, Sciences Po - OSC

While the rise of non-standard employment and its consequences for people in such forms of employment are well documented, there is little evidence (1) on how common non-standard employment is in households with children and (2) on the extent to which the adverse consequences of non-standard employment for parents are further transmitted to their children. We address both these questions, leveraging the large sample and rich information collected by the German Microcensus.
Our findings suggest that the temporal dimension of parental employment is key to understanding how changing labor markets reshape the opportunity structure for children from disadvantaged parental backgrounds and the intergenerational transmission of inequality.

Registration is mandatory.

TO FIND OUT MORE

• Bastian's homepage
• Paper, with Nhat An Trinh and Anette E. Fasang (SocArXiv)

Dans l'objectif de préparer le concours chercheurs et chercheuses (CR) du CNRS 2022 dont la campagne débutera en fin d'année, les candidat·e·s peuvent bénéficier du soutien de l'Observatoire sociologique du changement - UMR 7049.

L’OSC est un centre de recherche en sociologie associant Sciences Po et le CNRS (sections 36 et 40), rattaché au Département de sociologie de Sciences Po. L’ OSC développe une recherche de pointe sur la stratification et les  inégalités sociales.

Son programme de recherche poursuit 3 objectifs :
- mesurer et comparer l'évolution des inégalités sociales dans les sociétés contemporaines
- analyser les mécanismes des inégalités sociales à plusieurs niveaux
- contribuer à l’analyse des politiques publiques.

Les travaux des chercheurs et des chercheuses de l’OSC couvrent une diversité de domaines : le genre, l'origine, le milieu social, l'éducation, la ségrégation urbaine, la famille, le rôle de l'état et ses politiques sociales, les mobilités et les migrations, les pratiques culturelles, les usages du numérique, l'environnement, le marché du travail.
L’ancrage dans une sociologie empirique, l'ouverture interdisciplinaire, la rigueur théorique et méthodologique, le respect de l'autonomie des personnels académiques constituent les piliers de sa politique scientifique.
L'OSC se distingue par son engagement dans la formation à la recherche en poursuivant depuis sa création un même objectif  : former des sociologues de haut niveau, en phase avec les développements théoriques et méthodologiques les plus récents de la discipline.

Les candidat·e·s sont invité·e·s à prendre rendez-vous avant le 30 novembre avec la directrice de l'unité, Mirna Safi (mirna.safi@sciencespo.fr), avec en copie la Secrétaire générale (marie.ferrazzini@sciencespo.fr) en joignant un CV et un descriptif de leur projet de recherche.
Le Conseil du laboratoire statuera sur les demandes. Une présentation orale pourra être programmée.

L'unité sera particulièrement sensible aux projets traitant des inégalités environnementales et de santé.

 Mothering While Black: Raising African American Boys and Girls and Confronting Gendered Racism

Dawn M. Dow

Associate Professor, University of Maryland

Friday 12th November, 2:30 pm - 4 pm (OSC location for internal audience or online via Zoom)

Recent events have underscored the harsh and, at times, tragic consequences of gendered racism-racial discrimination that varies based on gender- for African American children in the U.S. How do African American middle-class mothers address these challenges?

Through in-depth interviews with African American middle- and upper-middle-class mothers, Dr. Dow will discuss how gendered racism influences these mothers' concerns for their sons and daughters and how it influences how they approach parenting their children. Dr. Dow describes how for their sons, mothers were principally concerned with preventing perceptions of them as criminals or "thugs" and protecting their physical safety. By contrast, mothers were principally concerned with protecting and building their daughters' self-esteem and self-value. Mothers used different strategies to help their sons and daughters navigate these challenges.

These mothers' experiences illuminate how they prepare their children for the different societal reception they believe their sons and daughters will encounter and shed light on the work needed to build racial empathy and understanding in the contemporary era.

Dr. Dawn M. Dow is an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park, a Faculty Associate in the Maryland Population Research Center, the deputy editor for the Journal of Marriage and Family, and an editorial board member of Contexts.
From 2019-2021 she served as the faculty director of the Critical Race Initiative. Dr. Dow received a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and earned a J.D. from Columbia University, School of Law.
Her research examines intersections of race, class, and gender within the context of the family, educational settings, the workplace, the law, and political mobilization.
She is the author of the award-winning book Mothering While Black: Boundaries and Burdens of Middle-Class Parenthood (2019), published by the University of California Press. Dr. Dow's work has appeared in journals including Gender & Society, Journal of Marriage and Family, Sociology of Race & Ethnicity, Science Advances, and Mobilization.

Registration is compulsory. Thank you.

OSC joint Scientific Seminar with Sciences Po, Department of Sociology

Friday 19th November 2021, 12:30 pm - 2:30 pm
(Hybrid meeting, location 98 rue de l'Université, Paris 7^e, for internal audience and online via Zoom)

The RECORDS project - Revisiting the sociology of taste in the age of big data

Philippe Coulangeon

CNRS Senior Researcher, Sciences Po - OSC

with project partners : Thomas Louail (UMR Géographie-cités, scientific coordinator), Robin Cura (UMR Géographie-cités), Jean-Samuel Beuscart (Orange Labs), Samuel Coavoux (LSQ-CREST), Camille Roth (Centre Marc Bloch), Yann Renisio (OSC), Amélie Beaumont (OSC)

What does streaming do to our music listening? What do the big data collected by the platforms say about our listening behaviors and tastes? How are content consumption and listening practices evolving in an era of abundant supply and recommendation? Does hyperchoice give rise to very dissimilar individual paths? Do platforms essentially favor listening to accompany daily activities, organized by playlists? Do digital traces allow us to revisit the models and theories of the sociology of cultural practices?

The RECORDS project proposes to combine survey and big data to study these questions from an empirical material of unprecedented diversity and scope. It is based on an original partnership between social sciences and digital sciences researchers, and one of the major companies in music distribution in France (Deezer).

In addition to a general presentation of the main research axes of this project, the presentation will give an overview of its first results.

Registration is mandatory (for Zoom users the link will be sent one day before)

More information here about the project and the team (Thomas Louail, UMR 8504 Géographie-cités),